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UPSC and State PSC Prelims Exam Environment Question Bank
Q.1) which of the following statements is/are correct
regarding the GLOBE (Global Learning and Observation to Benefit the
Environment)?
1. Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) is the
implementing agency in India.
2. NASA has the primary responsibility for
administering the government-to-government agreements, and for the management
of the GLOBE Implementation Office (GIO).
Select from the given codes:
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution (b)
Q.2) Consider the following statements
1. Gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is the
rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis.
2. Gross primary productivity minus respiration losses,
is the net primary productivity.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both
d) None
Solution (c)
Q.3) Consider the following statements
1. Primary productivity is defined as the rate of
formation of new organic matter by consumers.
2. Secondary productivity is defined as the amount of
biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over a time period by plants
during photosynthesis.
3. Primary productivity is same in different types of
ecosystems.
4. Primary productivity of Oceans is less compared to
that of the Land.
Which of the above statements are INCORRECT?
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 1, 2 and 4
c) 1 and 2
d) All of the above
Solution (a)
Q.4) Consider the following statements
1. Detritivores (e.g., earthworm) break down detritus
into smaller particles. This process is called fragmentation.
2. Bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade detritus into
simpler inorganic substances. This process is called as catabolism.
3. The processes Fragmentation, Leaching and Catabolism
(in the same order) operates one after the other on detritus.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) Only 1
b) Only 3
c) 1 and 2
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution (c)
Q.5) which of the following statements is/are correct
regarding humus
1. It is a dark coloured amorphous substance.
2. It is highly resistant to microbial action.
3. It is colloidal in nature.
4. The humus is further degraded by some microbes and
release of inorganic nutrients occurs by the process known as Humification.
Which of the above statements are correct?
a) 2 and 4
b) 1, 2 and 3
c) 3 and 4
d) All of the above
Solution (b)
Q.6) Consider the following statements regarding Food
Chain
1. In an aquatic ecosystem, Grazing Food Chain is the
major conduit for energy flow.
2. In a terrestrial ecosystem, a much larger fraction
of energy flows through the Detritus Food Chain than through the Grazing Food
Chain.
Which of the statements above is/are INCORRECT?
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Solution (d)
Q.7) Consider the following statements regarding the
Ecological Pyramids
1. Pyramid of energy is always upright
2. Pyramid of biomass in sea is generally upright.
3. Ecological pyramids do not take into account the
same species belonging to two or more trophic levels.
4. Saprophytes are not given any place in ecological
pyramids.
Which of the above statements are correct?
a) 1, 3 and 4
b) 2,3 and 4
c) 1 and 3
d) 1 and 4
Solution (a)
Q.8) which of the following statements are correct
regarding Ecological Succession?
1. Succession is a process that starts where no living
organisms are there.
2. Primary Succession is faster than Secondary
Succession.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution (a)
Q.9) Consider the following statements regarding Carbon
1. Carbon constitutes 49 per cent of dry weight of
organisms and is next only to water.
2. The amount of Carbon dissolved in Oceans is more
than that is stored in the land biosphere.
Which of the above statement is/are true?
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution (c)
Q.10) Consider the following statements regarding the
processes that occur in Nitrogen cycle
1. Decomposers chemically modify the nitrogen found in
organic matter to ammonium ion
(NH4+). This process is known as micelle fixation.
2. The process of Nitrification involves the metabolic
reduction of nitrate (NO3-) into
nitrogen (N2) or nitrous oxide (N2O) gas
Which of the above statements is/are INCORRECT?
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both
d) None
Solution (c)
Q.11) which of the following statements in general
correctly explains ‘edge effect’
a) The number of species and the population density of
some of the species is very low in the zone of transition.
b) The number of species and the population density of
some of the species is greater in the zone of transition.
c) The species in the zone of transition are completely
different from that of the surrounding habitats.
d) The species in the zone of transition are exactly
the same from that exist in the surrounding habitats.
Solution (b)
Q.12) Consider the following statements regarding
Ecological Niche
1. Organisms that occupy same or similar ecological
niches in different geographical regions are called Ecophene.
2. Species with broad ecological niches tend to be
specialists.
Which of the above statements is/ are correct?
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both
d) None
Solution (d)
Q.13) Consider the following:
Seral Community Explanation
1. Lithosere Community on rock
2. Xerosere Community in dry area
3. Psammosere Community in saline body
4. Hydrosere Community in water
Which of the following are correctly matched?
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 1, 2 and 4
c) 2 and 4
d) All of the above
Solution (b)
Depending on the substratum and climate, a seral
community can be one of the following
Seral Community Explanation
1. Lithosere Community on rock
2. Xerosere Community in dry area
3. Psammosere Community on sand
4. Hydrosere Community in water
5. Halo sere Community in saline body
Q.14) Consider the following statements regarding the
processes of ecological succession
1. Ecesis is the increase in population of the species
which has become established in the area.
2. Nudation is the initial establishment of plant
community.
Which of the above statements is/are INCORRECT?
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both
d) None of the above
Solution (c)
Q.15) Consider the following statements regarding
Sikkim
1. It is the first organic state in India.
2. Sikkim was awarded Future Policy Gold Award 2018 for
its achievement in becoming the world’s first totally organic agriculture
state.
3. The award is given by UN Food and Agriculture
Organisation (FAO).
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2
b) Only 1
c) Only 2
d) All of the above
Solution (d)
Q.16) Consider the following statements
1. Bio-accumulation occurs across different trophic
levels in a food chain.
2. Bio-magnification occurs when an organism absorbs a
toxic substance from all sources at a rate greater than that at which the
substance is lost.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both
d) None of the above
Solution (d)
Q.17) Consider the following statements about Organic
World Congress (OWC)
1. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture
Movements (IFOAM – Organics International) organizes it.
2. It is an annually organized congress.
3. OWC-2020 is to be conducted in India.
Which of the above statements is/are INCORRECT?
a) 1 and 2
b) Only 1
c) Only 2
d) 2 and 3
Solution (d)
Q.18) Consider the below statements and select the
correct statement from the codes given below:
1. The succession brought about by external conditions
and not by the existing organisms
is known as allogenic succession.
2. The succession that begins in a predominantly
inorganic environment where there is dominance of autotrophic organisms is
called Autogenic Succession.
Choose the correct answer:
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution (a)
Q.19) Consider the following pair of biotic
interactions.
Type of interaction Result
1. Neutralism No net benefit or harm to either species
2. Amensalism One species benefits, one is not affected
3. Parasitism One species benefits, one is harmed
Which of the above pairs is/are correct?
a) 1 and 3
b) 2 and 3
c) Only 1
d) All of the above
Solution (a)
Q.20) which of the following statements best describes
‘Ecotype’?
a) It is a type of marine ecosystem that provides an
alternative to a species of terrestrial for growth and survival.
b) It is a transition area between two biomes where
communities interact.
c) It is a genetically distinct variety within a
species, which is adapted to specific environmental conditions.
d) It is a type of ecosystem in which inherent balance
is maintained between autotrophs and Heterotrophs.
Solution (c)