The religious trends of this period witnessed the rise of the Muslim community and the Muslim world. Christians and Christendom saw the end of the Crusades. Religious Unity under the Roman Church came to an end. Moreover, in this period, the Inquisitions and Protestant reformations also took place. RAS Mains General Studies
The contemporary history includes the span of historical events starting from 1945. These events are most relevant to the present time and scenario. Many historians describe the early modern period as the time frame between 1500 and 1800. This period mainly follows the Late Middle Ages period. Further, it is marked by the initial European colonies, beginnings of recognizable nation-states as well as the rise of strong centralized governments.
Also during the early modern period, people witnessed the age of discovery and trade. This happened as a result of the collective effort of the Western European nations. Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and France went on a colonial expansion. These nations took possession of lands and set up colonies in Africa, southern Asia, and North and South America. Turkey went on to colonize Southeastern Europe, and parts of the West Asia and North Africa. Russian on the other hand, took possession in Eastern Europe, Asia, and North America.
In the Ottoman Empire and Africa, the Muslim expansion took place in East and North Africa. However, in West Africa, several native nations existed. The civilizations of Southeast Asia and the Indian Empires played a pivotal role in the spice trade. In the Indian subcontinent, the presence of Great Mughal Empire was strong. Moreover, the archipelagic empires, the Sultanate of Malacca and later the Sultanate of Johor, exercised power over the southern areas. RAS Mains General Studies
In the Asian subcontinent, different Japanese shogunate and the Chinese dynasties held power. The Edo period from 1600 to 1868 in Japan is regarded as the early modern period. On the other hand, in Korea, the period from the rising of Joseon Dynasty to the enthronement of King Gojong is referred to as the early modern period.
In the Americas, Native Americans started a huge and distinct civilization which included the Aztec Empire and alliance, the Inca civilization, the Mayan Empire and cities, and the Chibcha Confederation. However, in the west, the European kingdoms and movements were in a movement of reformation and expansion. Russia made its way to the Pacific coast in 1647. It went on to consolidate the control over the Russian Far East in the 19th century.
World History Important Questions
What policy instruments were deployed to contain the great economic depression?
American Revolution was an economic revolt against mercantilism. Substantiate.
Africa was chopped into states artificially created by accident of European competition. Analyse.
“Latecomer” Industrial revolution in Japan involved certain factors that were markedly different from what west had experience.
The New Economic Policy – 1921 of Lenin had influenced the policies adopted by India soon after independence. Evaluate.
What were the events that led to the Suez Crisis in 1956? How did it deal a final blow to Britain’s self-image as a world power?
What were the major political, economic and social developments in the world which motivated the anti-colonial struggle in India?
To what extent can Germany be held responsible for causing the two World Wars? Discuss critically.
Why did the industrial revolution first occur in England? Discuss the quality of life of the people there during the industrialization. How does it compare with that in India at present?
The anti-colonial struggles in West Africa were led by the new elite of Western-educated Africans. Examine.
What problems are germane to the decolonization process in the Malay Peninsula? RAS Mains General Studies
Major changes in Europe caused the medieval period to give way to a new, livelier period. As trade with the East increased, Europeans rediscovered the classical knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome. This knowledge led to a period of creativity and learning called the Renaissance. A new focus on the individual emerged, contributing to new ideas about religion. These ideas caused a struggle in Christianity known as the Reformation. RAS Mains General Studies
The movement and displacement of people following the Black Plague and Crusades encouraged the development of a more globalized culture. In this unit, you will discover how ideas impacted cultural and religious change in Europe after the middle Ages.
American Revolution was perhaps the first
manifestation of this feeling. This feeling was also quite evident in France
during and after French Revolution. It became contagious in Europe after ideals
of French revolution spread in other states.
Nationalism is a modern movement in which loyalty of individuals is not to vested interests, a monarch or political group, but to a nation of people. Earlier loyalties were attached to land (in feudal society), territory and so on.
RAS/RTS Mains Exam Paper-I: General Knowledge and General Studies Unit-I: Part B: Indian History & Culture. RPSC RAS Mains Exam General Studies Paper-1 Study Material. RAS Mains GS Paper
Indian History & Culture
Indian heritage: Fine Art, Performing Art, Architecture & Literature from Indus Civilization to British Era.
Religious Movements and religious philosophy in Ancient and Medieval India.
History of Modern India from beginning of 19th Century to 1965 AD: Significant events, personalities and issues
Indian National Movement- Its various stages & streams, important contributors and contribution from different parts of the country
Socio-religious Reform Movements in 19th and 20th Century
Post Independence consolidation and reorganisation – Accession of princely states & Linguistic reorganisation of the states
We have made every effort to touch almost all spheres of Indian Art & Culture for RPSC RAS Mains Exam as per syllabus, including architectural developments in ancient, medieval & modern India, music & dances of India, development of paintings, literature, language and cinema etc.
India is a nation where you can observe an ideal merged of countless traditions and culture. Indian culture and heritage is so unique and valuable. The customs and traditions practiced in a particular area of the nation are usually influenced by the geographical and climatic conditions of that area as well as spotlight of the area to other cultures. Moreover, there are numerous regions where cultural practices are based on the local needs of the people. Overseas invaders who attacked the country also brought with them their customs and traditions which ultimately merged with the local cultures of India. This merging of cultures created new forms of art, music, dance, and structural design. It is through the art and craft that the enthusiasm, creative power and artistic quality of Indian culture, Indian heritage and Indian cultural values is manifested. Indus Valley society was followed by the Vedic era in India. Vedic era that lasted for about 1000 years from 1500 BC to 500 BC was distinguished by Indo-Aryan civilization and the Vedas, the sacred books for the Hindus. This was the era when a new social government system or kingdoms joined in the civilization known as Mahajanapadas. These were the great kingdoms which joined mostly across the Indo-Gangetic plains. Magadha grew as a main kingdom throughout this age, while Nalanda University became a great learning institution of the world. In around 6th century BC, birth of two great philosophers and thinkers on the land of India gave a new path to history of India. These two thinkers were Gautam Buddha and Mahavira. The philosophies of Buddha and Mahavira spread in main part of India which ultimately led to the birth to two new religions – Buddhism and Jainism. RPSC RAS Mains Exam
Art and Culture plays an
important role in the development of any nation. It represents a set of shared
attitudes, values, goals and practices. Culture and creativity manifest
themselves in almost all economic, social and other activities. A country as
diverse as India is symbolized by the plurality of its culture.
The architectural styles
in India have been really influenced with the overseas styles that reached
India with overseas invaders. Muslim and European styles are the famous
architectural styles that combined with Indian styles. Stupas, Chaityas,
Stambhas, Viharas, rock-cut temples, etc., are some of types of structures that
were built on a big scale in earliest India
India has one of the
world’s largest collections of songs, music, dance, theatre, folk traditions,
performing arts, rites and rituals, paintings and writings that are known, as
the ‘Intangible Cultural Heritage’ (ICH) of humanity. In order to preserve
these elements, the Ministry of Culture implements a number of schemes and
programmes aimed at providing financial support to individuals, groups and
cultural organizations engaged in performing, visual and literary arts etc.
India is known for its penchant for creating sculptural art in caves and temples out of rocks and mountains since the earliest of times. Indian architecture, sculpture and painting went hand-in-hand, creating the beautiful synthesis in the work you see today. The love for colour and design in painting, dance, music or drama has always been a part of the Indian soul. Miniature paintings date back to 11th and 12th Centuries AD. Indian art is deeply rooted in tradition, gods, deities, epical themes, and also warfare. Our classical dance and music is world renowned for its magnificence. Stunning handicrafts and textiles are carried home with a lot of pleasure and enthusiasm by tourists visiting India. RAS Mains GS Paper
A country as diverse as
India is symbolized by the plurality of its culture. India has one of the
world’s largest collection of songs, music, dance, theatre, folk traditions,
performing arts, rites and rituals, paintings and writings that are known as
the ‘Intangible Cultural Heritage’ of humanity.
India is the territory where countless dance forms developed. The folk dances in India describe the specialty of a specific state or tribe. Each dance form, including the classical dance, is characterized by its ideal costume, make-up, elegance and style. The rules of classical dances are being followed for 100s of years by the dancers. Gracious postures and movements of face, eyebrow, cheeks, eyeballs, etc. make a vital part of different classical dance types in India. A classical dancer as well learns to portray different feelings with expressions of face and movements of different body parts. The main classical dance forms in India include Kuchipudi, Manipuri, Odissi, Ottan Thullal, Krishnattam, Bharatanatyam dance style developed in Tamil Nadu state., Kathak dance form developed in Hindu temples in north India and was refined for hundreds of years., Mohini Attam, Chakiarkoothu, Chhau, Koodiyattam, etc.
This painting outline started flourishing in India from very beginning periods. Indian paintings are mostly categorized as murals and miniatures. Murals are the painting works that are done on the walls of buildings. Some good examples of mural work in India include temples of Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Ajanta, Kanchipuram, etc. Miniatures, as the name suggests, are the small paintings done on papers, clothes, etc. The most excellent examples of these paintings are Mughal and Rajasthani miniatures as well Tanjore paintings and Madhubani paintings. RPSC RAS Mains Exam
India is a land of
diversities. This diversity is also visible in the spheres of religion. The
major religions of India are Hinduism (majority religion), Islam (largest
minority religion), Sikhism, Christianity, Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism,
Judaism and the Bahá’í Faith. India is a land where people of different
religions and cultures live in harmony. This harmony is seen in the celebration
of festivals. The message of love and brotherhood is expressed by all the
religions and cultures of India.
Whether it’s the gathering
of the faithful, bowing in prayer in the courtyard of a mosque, or the
gathering of lamps that light up houses at Diwali, the good cheer of Christmas
or the brotherhood of Baisakhi, the religions of India are celebrations of shared
emotion that bring people together. People from the different religions and
cultures of India, unite in a common chord of brotherhood and amity in this
fascinating and diverse land.
MYUPSC.COM is dedicated to preparation of UPSC Civil Services and State PSC Prelims and Mains Examination 2020. we are providing here the best quality study material and Test Series for UPSC IAS Prelims and Mains Exam 2020. you can get India yearbook 2020 and State wise Current Affairs and General Knowledge Yearbook 2020. The site intends to provide free study notes, knowledge or information related to IAS/PCS exams that can help to crack these Examinations. The Study Portal has also published its Ebooks/ PDF on various aspects & dimensions of General Studies of World, India and all the Indian states. The vision of the Study Portal is to consolidate all the relevant information related to India, Indian States regarding its History, Geography, Polity, Art-Culture, Heritage, Economy, Environment & Biodiversity and Current Affairs etc. RPSC RAS Mains Exam
It gives me immense pleasure in presenting the first edition of the General studies of Rajasthan, useful for the students of Graduate and the candidates appearing in Rajasthan Competitive Examinations conducted by RPSC and Rajasthan Subordinate Board, Universities and Government Departments. General Studies Rajasthan GK
This book deals with the relevant features and topics of General studies of Rajasthan in a systematic and comprehensive manner by the use of simple and concise language for easy and quick understanding. Varied subjects covered are Geography, History, Art-Culture & Heritage, Polity & Administration and Economy of Rajasthan in detailed with subject wise solved practice questions. I hope that the readers will find this book user friendly and helpful in preparation of their examinations. I look forwarded to have the views, comment, suggestions and criticism from readers which would definitely help in further improvement of the Book. I would like to heartfelt thanks to all my friends, family members, Shri Kishan Diwliwal and the team members of Shubham Publishers and distributors for their effort to publishing this book. General Studies Rajasthan GK
Wish you happy reading and best wishes for the examinations.
Features of the Book:
General Studies of Rajasthan-All in One, it covered the complete syllabus of RPSC RAS/RTS and University exams.
Subject wise detailed study material with practice question answer
This book covered Geography, History, Polity, Economy and Art-Culture of Rajasthan.
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(1)Rivers that drain in
the Bay of Bengal: Chambal River, Parwati- Kalisindh-Chambal
link, Banas River, Banas River Basin, Kali Sindh River, Parvati River, Berach
River, Mez River, Vapani (Bahyani) River, Gambhiri River, Banganga River (2)
Rivers that drain into the Arabian Sea: Luni River, Mahi River, Sabarmati
River (3) Inland Rivers: Inland River/Drainage, Kantali River, Sota Sabi
River, Kakani or Kakneya River, Ghaghar River (4)Other Rivers: Khari
River, Dai River, Dheel River, Morel River, Kalisil River, Sarasvati and
Drishadvati: Ancient Indian River
(v)Lakes in Rajasthan
(1) Salt Water Lakes: Sambhar
Lake, Didwana, Pachpadra, Lunkaransar Lake (2)Fresh (Sweet) Water Lake: Jaisamand
, Rajsamand , Pichhola, Fateh Sagar , Anasagar , Pushkar Lake, Siliserh Lake,
NLCP in Rajasthan
(vi)Thar Desert
3. Major Physiographic
regions
(1) Aravalli Range and
Hilly Region: Aravalli Range and Bhorat Plateau,
Northeastern Hilly Region (2) Western Sandy Plains: Sandy Arid Plains-
Marusthali, Dune Free Tract (3) Semi-Arid Transitional Plains or Rajasthan
Bagar: Luni Basin or Godwar Tract, Plain of Interior Drainage or
Sekhawati Tract
4. Natural Vegetation and
Climate
Reserved, Protected,
Unclassified, Dhol Forests, Kattha, Salar, Dhak, Bamboo, Teak, Mixed
Miscellaneous Forests, Sub-Tropical Evergreen, Thorn Forests, District-wise
forest cover – Rajasthan, 1. Climatic Regions of Rajasthan based on Rainfall
Intensity: Arid Region, Semi-arid Region, Sub-humid Region, Humid Region,
Very Humid Region 2. Koeppen’s Classification of climatic regions of
Rajasthan: Aw or Tropical Humid Region, Bshw Climatic Region, Bwhw Climatic
Region, Cwg Climatic Region, Rainfall Distribution, IMD forecast
method, Water Policy 2010, Major Dam-Rajasthan, Humidity,
Absolute, Relative, Specific Humidity, Air temperature and relative humidity
conditions, Temperature Variation, Various factors affecting the climate of
Rajasthan, Weather Seasons of Rajasthan
5. Livestock, wildlife and
its Conservation
National Livestock Mission (NLM), Dairy (Milch) breeds, Draught breeds, Dual Breeds, Cattle and Buffalo Breeds: Gir, Sahiwal, Tharparkar, Hariana, Kankrej, Rathi, Malvi, Nagauri, Murrah, Surti, Breeds of Cow, Goat, Sheep, Camel Breeds, Livestock Census, Wildlife Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserves, National Park in Rajasthan. General Studies Rajasthan GK
6. Agriculture – Major
Crops
Major Irrigation Projects:
Chambal Project, Mahi Bajaj Sagar Project, Bhakra Nangal Canal Project, Narmada
Project, Bilasalpur Project (1986-87), Indira Gandhi Canal Project, Irrigation
system of Rajasthan, Sources of Irrigation: Wells and Tube wells, Tank
Irrigation, Canal Irrigation, electric pumps, Persian Wheel
Rajasthan crop seasons-Rabi,
Kharif, Pearl millet, technological interventions, Chickpea, Guar,
Rapeseed-mustard, Groundnut, Fodder, Aonla, Ber
7. Mineral resources
(1) Metallic Minerals – Types,
Distribution and Industrial uses and their Conservation
(2) Non-Metallic Minerals
– Types,
Distribution and Industrial uses and their Conservation (3) Other
Minerals
8. Energy Resources
Classification of Power
Resources, Conventional: Thermal (Coal, Oil & Gas), Hydro, Atomic, Non-Conventional:
Solar, Wind, Biogas, Biomass, Tidal, Geo-thermal, Distribution of major
power resources of Rajasthan, Hydrocarbon Basin, power plants and major
projects, schemes, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy.
9. Population and Tribes
Rajasthan Population -2011, Religious Data, Urban Population, Metropolitan/City Population, Population density, District-wise Population Data, Scheduled Caste population by sex and residence, Sex Ratio among Scheduled Castes, Percentage of Scheduled Castes, Tribe population, Percentage of Scheduled Tribes, Population Glossary, Tribes in Rajasthan: Bhil, Bheel, Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra, Vasava, Vasave, Mina, Meena, Bhil Mina, Customs and ornaments, Food of Bhils, Social life and tradition, Art and culture, Garasia tribe, Customs and ornaments, Social life and tradition, Meena/Mina Tribes, Sahariya tribes, Programmes for development of Tribes, Manikya lal verma Research institute, Banvasi Kalyan Parishad, Tribal Sub-Plan Area Scheme, IRDP, Modified Area Development Programme, Some other Programmes for tribe’s development: General Studies Rajasthan GK
10. Miscellaneous
11. Practice Questions
History
of Rajasthan
1. Ancient History of Rajasthan (Stone Age to 700 AD)
2. Medieval History of Rajasthan (700 AD to 1700 AD)
3. Modern History of Rajasthan
4. Practice Questions
Rajasthan Polity & Administration
Political Background
Govt of India Acts
Important term used in Polity
Governor
Chief Minister
Council of Ministers
State Legislature
Election Commission
High Court
Rajasthan
State Legal Service Authority
Lok
Adalats in Rajasthan
Administration
of Rajasthan
Chief
Secretary
State
Secretariat
Directorates
Administrative
Setup
Local Self
Government in Rajasthan
Panchayati
Raj in Rajasthan
Urban
Local Government
Important
Constitutional, Statutory & Executive bodies
Rajasthan
Public Service Commission
Advocate
General of Rajasthan
Inter-State
Council
Rajasthan
State Human Rights Commission
Rajasthan
State Information Commission
Lokayukta
Rajasthan
State Commission for Women
Chief
Minister’s Advisory Council
Rajasthan
Police
Mewar Bhil
Corps
Miscellaneous
Practice
Questions
Economy of Rajasthan
Economic Terminology
Rajasthan: an introduction to Economy
Industrial Development & Economic Growth in Rajasthan
National Income: Basic Concepts
Monetary Policy and the Reserve Bank of India
Fiscal Policy of India: Meaning, Objectives and Impacts on the Economy
Classification and Operations of Commercial Banks in India
Money Supply and Inflation
National Development Council
Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in Rajasthan
Special Economic Zones – SEZ-Rajasthan
Transport Infrastructure of Rajasthan
Urban Infrastructure in Rajasthan
Rural Development in Rajasthan
Special Area Development Programmes
National Family Health Survey-Rajasthan
Skill development in Rajasthan
Unemployment in Rajasthan
Poverty in Rajasthan
Agriculture Sector in Rajasthan
Service Sector in Rajasthan
Industrial Sector in Rajasthan
Industries of Rajasthan
Important Departments & Organisations
Policies, Concessions & Facilities for Industries in Rajasthan
RPSC RAS/RTS Prelims Exam General Studies Study Material in English. Rajasthan General Knowledge for RPSC RAS and all other competitive exams. we are providing you complete study notes/eBook here.
What you will get?
You will get set of 6-PDF:
Geography of Rajasthan with Practice MCQ
History of Rajasthan with Practice MCQ
Art Culture and Heritage of Rajasthan with Practice MCQ
Rajasthan Polity and Administration with Practice MCQ
Rajasthan is the largest state of India by area and forms North West end of the country sharing its border with Pakistan.
Area: The total area of Rajasthan state is 342,239 sq km
Administrative units: The state has been divided into 33 districts.
Population: The total human population of the state is 68.54 million. (Census 2011)
Total forest cover: 32,627 sq km
Climate: The Tropic of Cancer passes through its southern
tip in the Banswara district.
In the west, Rajasthan is relatively dry and infertile; this area includes some of the Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert. In the south-eastern part of the state, the land is wetter, hilly, and more fertile. The climate varies throughout Rajasthan. On average winter temperatures range from 8° to 28° C (46° to 82° F) and summer temperatures range from 25° to 46° C (77° to 115° F). Average rainfall also varies; the western deserts accumulate about 100 mm (about 4 in) annually, while the southeastern part of the state receives 650 mm (26 in) annually, most of which falls from July through September during the monsoon season.
RPSC RAS/RTS Mains Examination 2018-19 General Studies Paper
Rajasthan Public
Service Commission Ajmer (RPSC) has conducted the Rajasthan State and
Subordinate Services Combined (RAS / RTS) Examination which is successfully
held on June 25 and June 26, 2019. Tremendous contenders have appeared in the
examination and they are now searching to get Answer Key of RPSC RAS Mains
Examination 2019.
Rajasthan RAS Solved Question Paper Sheet
The
first shift of the examination will be held from 09:00 to 12:00 in the morning
and the second shift will be held from 02:00 to 05:00, in the Sato divisional
headquarters of Rajasthan (Ajmer, Jaipur, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Kota, Bharatpur and
Udaipur).
The RAS Mains Exam is of descriptive type. There is of 4(four) Papers in the exam and total marks for each paper are 200 marks as per RPSC RAS Mains Exam Pattern 2019. Time of duration to complete the exam is 3-Hours.
RPSC RAS/RTS Mains Exam 2019 General Studies Paper-I
History, Art, Culture, Literature, Tradition and Heritage of Rajasthan
Economy of Rajasthan Study Notes with Practice Questions, Schemes including Budget. This is useful for RPSC RAS/RTS Prelims, Mains and Other Competitive Exams of Rajasthan.
Index
Economic Terminology
Rajasthan: an
introduction to Economy
Industrial Development
& Economic Growth in Rajasthan
National Income:
Basic Concepts
Monetary Policy and the Reserve Bank of India
Fiscal Policy of India: Meaning, Objectives
and Impacts on the Economy
Classification and Operations of Commercial
Banks in India
Money Supply and
Inflation
National
Development Council
Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in
Rajasthan
Special Economic Zones – SEZ-Rajasthan
Transport Infrastructure of Rajasthan
Urban Infrastructure in Rajasthan
Rural Development in Rajasthan
Special Area Development Programmes
National Family Health Survey-Rajasthan
Skill development in Rajasthan
Unemployment in Rajasthan
Poverty in Rajasthan
Agriculture Sector in Rajasthan
Service Sector in Rajasthan
Industrial Sector in Rajasthan
Industries of Rajasthan
Important Departments & Organisations
Policies, Concessions & Facilities for
Industries in Rajasthan
Daily Practice Multiple Choice Question Answer for RPSC, RAS, RSMSSB, Lecturer, SI and all other competitive exams of Rajasthan.
1. Which article of constitution mentioned “Appointment of Chief Minister”?
1. Article 154
2. Article 161
3. Article 164
4. Article 158
2. Which of the following
statement is false about the Chief Minister?
1. There is no special provision for appointment
and election of Chief Minister in the constitution
2. Article 154 states that the Governor will
appoint the Chief Minister
3. The Governor is free to appoint any person as
Chief Minister
4. There is no such system in the Constitution
that the Chief Minister should prove a majority before his appointment
3. What is the minimum age
to be appointed as the Chief Minister of a state?
1. 25 years
2. 30 years
3. 35 years
4. 18 years
4. Which of the following
post is hold by the Chief Minister?
1. Chairman of the State Planning Board
2. Member of National Development Council
3. Chief Spokesperson of the State Government
4. All of the above
5. Which of the following
is not matched correctly?
1. Article 167: Duties of the Chief Minister
2. Article 163: sworn in of the Chief Minister
3. Article 164: Provisions related to State
Ministers
4. Article 166:
Operations by the State Government
6. Who determines the
salary and allowances of the Chief Minister?
1. Governor
2. State Legislature
3. President
4. Parliament
7. Which of the following
statements is false?
1. Chief Minister’s tenure is not fixed (with
some conditions)
2. If the Chief Minister resigns from his post
then the entire Council of Ministers has to resign
3. The Governor is the President of the
Inter-state Council
4. The collective responsibility of the Council
of Ministers is to the State Legislature
8. Which of the following
power is not enjoyed by the Chief Minister?
1. The Governor appoints ministers only to those
people who are recommended by the Chief Minister
2. Chief Minister shifts all the ministers’
departments
3. Chief Minister can ask the governor to
disassociate the Legislative assembly
4. Chief Minister appoints judges of the state’s
high court
9. The State Council is
responsible to whom?
1. to the
Governor
2. to the
Legislative Assembly
3. to the
Legislative Council
4. to the State Legislature
10. Who provide oath to
other ministers of the state other than the Chief Minister?
1. Chief
Minister
2. Speaker of the assembly
3. Chief
Justice of the High Court
4. Governor
11. The Advocate General
of the State is responsible to whom?
1. Governor
2. Chief
Minister
3. Speaker of the Assembly
4. None of these
12. Udaipur, South-eastern
margin of Pali & Dungarpur districts are part of which Aravali Region?
1. North-Eastern Aravalli
Range 2. Central Aravalli
Range
3. Southern Aravalli
Range 4. None of the
above
13. According to GSHAP
data, the state of Rajasthan falls in a region of which seismic hazard?
1. High seismic zone 2.Moderate seismic zone
3. High to Moderate 4. Moderate to High
14. Rajasthan has divided
into different climatic regions, the climatic regions of Rajasthan are based on
which of the following parameter?
1. Climatic Regions of
Rajasthan based on Rainfall Intensity.
2.
Koeppen’s Classification
3. Thornthwaite’s
classification
4. All of the above
15. Consider the following
statements and choose the right answer:
1. Rainfall less than 10 cm in extreme west parts of regions
and rest areas record less than 20 cm rainfall.
2. The average temperature during summer is recorded more than
34degree C and during winters it ranges in between 12 DegC to 16DegC.
3. The region includes Jaisalmer district, Barmer, Jodhpur,
western parts of Bikaner and southern parts of Ganganagar district.
1. Semi-Arid Region 2. Arid Region
3. Sub-Humid 4. Humid Region
16. Alwar, Jaipur, Dausa,
Ajmer, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Pali, Jalore and Sirohi districts are included in
which of the following category?
1. Semi-Arid Region
2. Arid Region
3. Sub-Humid 4. Humid Region
17. Consider the following
features and identify the wildlife sanctuary:
1. This Sanctuary is
situated in the Banaskantha district in Gujarat at the Gujarat-Rajasthan
border.
2. The complete area
between Mount Abu and Jessore wildlife sanctuary is home to them.
3. Apart from sloth bear,
other fauna reported in the sanctuary are leopard, sambar, blue bull, wild
boar, porcupine, and a variety of birds.
1. Mount Abu Wildlife
Sanctuary
2. Jessore Wildlife
Sanctuary
3. Daroji bear sanctuary
4. Rajasthan Wildlife
Sanctuary
18. Sloth Bear is found in
which of the following place?
1. Sawai Madhopur 2
-Alwar
3. Mount Abu 4- Udaipur
19. Great Indian Bustard
is not found in which of the following states of India?
1. Gujarat 2. Tamil Nadu
3. Karnataka 4. Andhra Pradesh
5. Rajasthan 6. Maharashtra
20. Mahaseer fish is found
only in which lake of Rajasthan?
1. Anasagar Lake Ajmer 2- Fateh Sagar Udaipur
3. Lake Badi Udaipur 4- Sambhar Lake
21. Find the incorrect
matched:
1. Bisalpur Conservation Reserve Tonk
2. Jodbeed Gadhwala
Reserve Sirohi
3. Sundhamata Conservation Reserve Jodhpur
4. Gudha Vishnoiyan Reserve Jalore
22. Parbati River flows in
which of the following districts?
1. Sawai Madhopur 2 Tonk
3. Dholpur 4.Karauli
1. 1,2,3,4
2. 1, 2, 3
3. 1, 3
4. 1, 3, 4
23. Berach River is not flow through which of the
following District?
1. Udaipur 2. Chittorgarh
3. Rajsamand 4- Bhilwara
24. Gogelav and Rotu
Conservation Reserve are located in which district of Rajasthan?
1. Udaipur 2. Jaipur
3. Nagaur 4. Sariska
25. Find out the incorrect
match:
Wildlife Sanctuary District
1. Kesarbagh WLS Dholpur
2. Phulwari ki Nal WLS Udaipur, Pali
3. Ramgarh Vishdhari WLS Barmer
4. Sitamata WLS Pratapgarh
26. Which among the
following is largest wildlife sanctuary as per their area?
1. Kailadevi WLS 2- Kumbhalgarh WLS
3. Phulwari ki Nal WLS 4. Todgarh Raoli WLS
27. Match the following:
National Park District
1. Ranthambore NP A. Bharatpur
2. Keoladeo Ghana NP B. Alwar
3. Sariska NP C.
Jaisalmer, Barmer
4. DesertNP D. Sawai Madhopur
1.1-A 2-B 3- C 4-D
2. 1-B 2-C 3-D 4-A
3. 1-C 2-D 3-A 4-B
4. 1-D 2-A 3- B 4-C
28. White Rumped Vulture
Found in which places of Rajasthan?
1. Udaipur 2. Kota
3. All Rajasthan 4. Mount Abu
29. Which of the following
is matching incorrect?
District
Mascot
1. Bikaner Sand grouse
2. Nagaur Rajhans
3. Pratapgarh
wolf
4. Bhilwara Peacock
5. Bundi Golden Pheasant
30. Consider the following
statement and choose the right answer:
1. These forests which are
most abundant in central India, as in Madhya Pradesh, parts of Gujarat and
Maharashtra, are found in Sirohi district of Rajasthan.
2. These forests have
semi-evergreen and some evergreen species of trees.
3. The vegetation consists
of many plants which are similar to Himalayas.
4. They are well
represented between 700 to 800 m altitudes.
1. Tropical Dry Deciduous
(Dhol) Forests
2. Bamboo Forests
3. Sub-Tropical Forests
4. Tropical Rain Forests
31. Method of Abolition or Creation of a State
Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) mentioned in which article of Indian
constitution?
RPSC RAS/RTS Prelims, Lecturer, Sub-Inspector, Teachers and Other Govt Exams daily Practice MCQ.
1. When did Rajasthan came
in to existence?
1. 20th march
1948 2. 30th
march 1949
3. 25th April 1949 4- 26th Jan 1951
Q.2 Total geographical
area of Rajasthan State is?
1. 2, 90, 932 sq km 2. 3, 39, 293 sq km
3. 3, 32, 392 sq km 4. 3, 42, 239 sq km
Q.3 The area of Rajasthan
is which percentage of Indian Territory?
1. 9.76% 2. 10.47%
3. 10.74% 4. 11.05%
Q.4 Rajasthan is placed in
which division of India?
1. North-western 2. Western
3. North-eastern 4. Northern
Q.5 The Tropic of
Cancer passes through which district in Rajasthan?
1. Banswara 2. Sirohi
3. Jhalawar 4. Dholpur
6. Who was the first
governor of Rajasthan?
1. Gurumukh Nihal Singh
2. Sardar Hukum Singh
3. Basant Rao Patil
4. None of the above
7. Who was the first
chairman of Rajasthan Assembley (Vidhan Sabha)?
1. Ramniwas Mirdha
2. Narottam Joshi
3. Lal Singh Shaktawat
4. None of the above
8. Who was the first chief
justice of Rajasthan High Court?
1. K. N. Vanchu
2. K. K. Verma
3. 2. N. Jha
4. None of the above
9. Which one of the
following was first implemented in Rajasthan?
1. Cooperative society
2. Public distribution
system
3. President Rule
4. Panchayati Raj
10. Rajasthan state
Archives is located at which place?
1. Bikaner
2. Jaipur
3. Jodhpur
4. Bharatpur
11. Which one of the
following date, Rajasthan Public Service Commission Established?
1. 15-08-1950
2. 16-08-1949
3. 20-12-1952
4. 17-08-1952
12. Ajmer and Abu was the
part of which Stage of the integration of Rajasthan?
1. First
2. Third
3. Fifth
4. Seventh
13. On March 25, 1948
which Princely state became part of Rajasthan Union?
1. Sirohi
2. Bharatpur
3. Pratapgarh
4. Alwar
14. Match the following:
Paleolithic Sites Place
1 Lidder River a
Rajasthan
2. Sohan valley b.
Punjab
3. Chittorgarh and Kota c. Rajasthan
4. River Wagoon, Kadamli basins d.
Kashmir
1. 1-a 2-b 3-c 4-d
2. 1-b 2-c 3-d
4-a
3. 1-d 2-b 3-c
4-a
4. 1-c 2-a 3-b 4-d
15. Mesolithic human burials have been found at?
Identify the incorrect answer:
1. Bagor Rajasthan
2. Langhnaj Gujarat
3.
Bhimbetka Madhya Pradesh
4. Mauda Haryana
16. The rock painting of Mesolithic period is found at?
Identify the incorrect answer:
1. Lakhudiyar
Uttarakhand
2. Tekkalkotta
Karnataka
3. Bhimbetka
Madhya Pradesh
4.
Adamagarh Madhya Pradesh
5. Pratapgarh Rajasthan
6. Mirzapur Haryana
17. Mehrgarh is located on the bank of which River?
1. Indus 2. Bolan
3. Saraswati 4. Mahi
18. Which is not the Indus Valley Site in Rajasthan?
1. Kalibangan 2.
Baror
3. Karanpura 4. Rangpur
19. Identify the Place/Site which has the following
features?
1. Most noteworthy is a cylindrical seal, depicting a
female figure between two male figures, fighting or threatening with spears.
2. The best terracotta figure is that a charging bull
which is considered to signify the “realistic and powerful folk art.
3. The cemetery was located to the west-southwest of
the citadel.
4. The site was discovered by Luigi Pio Tessitori, an
Italian Indologist.
Which is the correct answer?
1. Lothal
(Gujarat)
2.Kalibangan (Rajasthan)
3. Diamabad (Maharashtra) 4.Alamgirpur (U.P.)
20. Match The Following:
1. Ochre-Colored Pottery (OCP) a. Ganga valley
2. Narhan culture b.
Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan
3. Ahar
culture
c. Mewar region of Rajasthan
4. Kayatha and Malwa cultures d. Maharashtra
5. The Jorwe culture e. western Madhya
Pradesh
1. 1-a 2-b 3-c 4-d 5-e
2.1-b 2-a 3-c 4-e 5-d
3. 1-c 2-b 3-d 4-a 5-e
4. 1-d 2-c 3-b 4-e 5-a
21. Identify the Place/Site/Culture name which has
following features?
1. People lived in single, double & multi-roomed
rectangular, square or circular houses.
2. Its Pottery is a Black-and-Red ware (BRW) with
linear and dotted designs painted on it
3. Gilund, Ahar, Ojiyana and Balathal are its prominent
sites.
Which is the correct answer?
1. Ahar-Banas Culture 2.OCP Culture
3. Kalibangan 4. Dholavira
22. Match the following:
Districts
Mahajanapads
1. Jaipur, Alwar
& Bharatpur Matsya
Mahajanapads
2. Bharatpur,
Dholpur & Karauli Kuru
Mahajanapads
3. Northern
Alwar region Saurasena Mahajanapads
Which is the correct answer?
1. 1-a 2-b 3-c
2. 1-a 2-c 3-b
3. 1-b 2-a 3-c
23. Match the Following:
Capital Mahajanapads
1. Viratanagari Saurasena Mahajanapads
2. near modern day Mathura Kuru Mahajanapads
3. Indrapath Matsya Mahajanapads
Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?
1. 1-a 2-b 3-c
2. 1-a 2-c 3-b
3. 1-b 2-a 3-c
4. 1-c 2-a 3-b
24. Where/who acknowledged the military might of the
Yaudheyas?
1. Pāṇini’s Ashtadhyayi 2. Ganapatha
3. Junagarh rock inscription 4.All
The region surrounding modern districts of Bikaner & Jodhpur was referred to as Jangaldesh during Mahajanpadas period.
25. Consider the following Statements and choose the
right answer:
1. Maan Mori, of the Maurya dynasty was killed by him.
2. He belonged to Guhilot clan.
3. Born as Kalbhoj, was the founder of a dynasty, which
later comes to rule Mewar.
1. Vyaghramukh 2. Nayachandra Suri
3. Bappa Rawal 4
Bahar Deo
26. Consider the following statement and choose the
right answer:
1. It is an archaeological site in Rajsamand district.
2. There are three major rivers in the area which
include the Kothari, Banas, and Berach.
3. Excavation carried out at the site during 1959-60 by
B.B.Lal revealed two mounds labeled as ‘eastern’ and ‘western’ mounds.
4. The site is part of Ahar-Banas Chalcolithic culture.
1. Balathal
2. Pachamta
3. Gilund 4.
Ojiyana
27. Consider the following statement and choose the
right answer:
1. It is an archaeological site of Ahar-Banas Culture
located in Vallabhnagar Tehsil of Rajasthan.
2. It is located on banks of Katar River.
3. The site was discovered by V. N. Misra during a
survey in 1962-63.
4. This ancient site was occupied during two cultural
periods: the Chalcolithic and the Early Historic.
1. Gilund 2. Ahar
3. Ojiyana 4.
Balathal
28. Consider the following statement and choose the
right answer:
1. Recently excavation was carried out at a village in
Rajasthan, under a project called the Mewar Plains Archaeological Assessment.
2. It belongs to the Ahar-Banas culture in the Mewar
region, which was contemporaneous with the early and mature Harappan culture.
3. Art facts such as perforated jars, shell bangles, terracotta
beads, shells and the semi-precious stone lapis lazuli, different types of
pottery and two hearths have been found during excavation.
1. Balathal
2. Pachamta
3. Gilund 4.
Ojiyana
29. Consider the following statement and choose the
right answer:
1. The site is located at source of river Kantali,
which used to join river Drishadwati, near Soni-Bhadra on the north.
2. Historian R.L. Mishra wrote that, Red pottery with
black portraiture was found which is estimated to be belonging to 2500–2000 BC was
found when it was excavated in 1977.
3. It mainly supplied copper objects to Harappa.
1. Ganeshwar (Sikar) 2.
Jodhpura (Jaipur)
3. Noh (Bharatpur) 4. Sanari (Jhunjhunu)
30. Consider the following statement and choose the
right answer:
1. This Kingdom played a great part in history of
Northern India nearly for 500 years.
2. The King Nagabhatt I from this kingdom won Kannauj
and established rule over most of Rajasthan.
3. The capital of their Kingdom was shreemal, which is
old name of Bhinmal in Jalore.
Identify the Kingdom?
1. Western Satraps 2. Rajput Kingdom
3. Vardhana 4. Gurjara Kingdom
31. Consider the following statement and choose the
right answer:
1. These people
worshipped Fire and Fire was the main deity of the Sakas and Hunas as per
theory of James Todd.
2. This theory
as put forward by Dr. DP Chatterjee says that it is a mixed race.
3. This theory was propounded by Gauri Shankar Ojha and
says that those are NOT from the foreign origin and they are descendents of the
mythological Khatriya Heroes like Rama.
4. This theory comes from the Prithvi of
Chandrabhardai. According to this theory, those are the result of Yagya
performed by Hrishi Vashistha at “Guru Shikhar” in Mount Abu.
1. Origin of Pratiharas 2.
Origin of Rajputs
3. Origin of Rathores 4.
Origin of Chauhans
32. Arrange these Pratihars Kings as Historical in
descending order
1. Harichandra
2. Kakka
3. Jhota 4. Narabhatta
1. 1-2-3-4
2. 1-3-2-4
3. 1-4-3-2
4. 1-4-2-3
33. Consider the following statement and choose the
right answer:
1. He was the founder of Bhinmal branch of Pratihara.
2. He formed a
triple alliance with Jaysimha & Bappa Rawal to defeat Arabs in Battle of
Rajasthan
3. He was the first Pratihara ruler who occupied the
Kanauj.
4. He defeated Dharmapala of Gauda country.
1. Raja Nagabhatt I 2.
Raja Nagabhatt II
3. Raja Mihir Bhoj 4.
Raja Mahendrapal
34. Who Constructed Harshnath Temple in Sikar?
1. Durlabha-raja
I
2. Govinda-raja
I
3. Chandra-raja
II
4. Govindaraja
II
35. Consider the following statement and choose the
right answer:
1. He captured Multan and occupied whole of Sind in his
subsequent expeditions.
2. He suffered defeat in the Battle of Kayadara
(Gujarat), from ruler of Gujarat, Bhimdev Solanki II.
3. He attacked Punjab, and defeated Khusru Malik and
added Malik’s empire to his dominions.
4. He proceeded towards India through the Khyber Pass
and captured a fortress of Bathinda.
Mukundra Hills National
Park is also known as Darrah wildlife Sanctuary. Darrah wildlife
Sanctuary is located in Rajasthan. The sanctuary is located to the southeastern
border of the town Kota.
Darrah was declared a
(Protected area) wildlife sanctuary in 1955andvisitors now
require seeking permission from the local forest ranger to visit the park. The
total area of the sanctuary is about 250 sq. km.
In past, Darrah sanctuary
was the royal hunting ground of the Maharaja of Kota. This place is located at
a distance of about 50 km from Kota. It is located on the eastern bank of
Chambal River and is drained by its tributaries.
The Darrah wildlife
sanctuary was declared as a National park (Mukundra Hills (Darrah)
National Park) in 2004. Total area of the National park is about 200 sq. km.
Mukundra Hills (Darrah) National Park is a combination of three wildlife
sanctuaries namely Darrah wildlife sanctuary, Chambal wildlife sanctuary and
Jaswant Sagar wildlife sanctuary.
The park got the nod from National
Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) in 2013 and the state (Rajasthan)
bagged its third tiger reserve in the form of the Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve.
The name Darrah is taken
as the ‘Pass’ in the local language revealing the purpose that the
region served earlier. The Marathas, Rajput’s and the British utilized the
opportune position of the forest to seek asylum during war.
The park is situated
between two parallel mountains viz. Mukundra and Gagrola which run
across a length of about 80 km (from Murlipura to Rawatbhata). The four rivers
which form the boundary of this valley are Ramzan, Ahu, Kali and Chambal.
The densely wooded Darrah
Sanctuary is spread all over the hilly terrain. The forest of the sanctuary is
very thick and dense.
Ranthambore
National Park
Ranthambore is a beautiful
place, located in the Sawai Madhopur district of the state of Rajasthan.
Ranthambore National Park is one of the largest national parks in northern
India.
Ranthambore was (Sawai
Madhopur Game Sanctuary in 1955) declared a wildlife sanctuary in
1957andcame under the “Project Tiger “as a Tiger reserves in 1973-74. The
total area of the sanctuary is about 400 sq. km.
The Ranthambore tiger
reserve was declared as a National park in 1981. Total area of the National
park is about 282 sq. km.
Ranthambore was a hunting
reserve of the Maharajas of Jaipur, the park at Ranthambore was once the
scene of royal hunting parties in the past.
Ranthambore National Park
is famous for its tigers and is one of the best places in the country to see
these majestic tigers.
Ranthambore National Park is set between
the Aravalli and Vindhya ranges. Located at the junction of the Aravalli
and Vindhya hill range.
It
spreads over a highly undulating topography varying from the gentle to the
steep slopes; from flat topped hills of the Vindhayas to the conical hillocks
and the sharp ridges of the Aravallis.
An important geological feature the ‘Great
Boundary Fault’ where the Vindhayas plateaus meet the Aravalli hill ranges.
The Rivers Chambal in the
South and the Banas in the North bound the National Park. Pure stands of the
Dhok interspersed with open grasslands of the plateaus, six large lakes – Gilai
Sagar, Mansarovar, Malik talao, Raj Bagh and Padam Talao with in the
National Park.
The rugged park terrain
alternates between dry deciduous forest, open grassy meadow, dotted by
several lakes and rivers that are only made passable by rough roads built and
maintained by the Forest Service.
There are many water
bodies located all over the park, which provide perfect relief during the
extremely hot summer months for the forest inhabitants.
A huge fort, after which
the park is named, towers over the park atop a hill. There are many ruins of
bygone eras scattered all over the jungle, which give it aunique,
wonderful and mixed flavour of nature, history and wildlife.
Tigers at Ranthambore
National park have been known to even hunt in full view of human visitors.
These tigers are famous for being seen in the daytime too, due to their lack of
fear of human presence in vehicles. This lack of fear of humans is excellent
for tourists, as they get to see the tigers often.
Desert
National Park
Desert National Park is a
beautiful place located in the Jaisalmer district of the state of Rajasthan. Desert
National Park is one of the largest national parks in India. The Desert
National Park is also a protected sanctuary.
The Desert protected
sanctuary was declared as a National park in 1980. Total area of the National
park is about 3162 km2. The desert is a harsh place to sustain life and thus
most of the fauna and flora live on the edge.
The great Indian Bustard
is a magnificent bird and can be seen in considerably good numbers in this
park. It migrates locally in different seasons. The region is a heaven for
migratory and resident birds of the desert.
Desert National park harbours a wide
array of flora and fauna species.
It is only place where Rajasthan State
Bird (Great Indian Bustard), State animal (Camel) and State tree (Khejri) and
State flower (Rohida) are found naturally.
It also has fossil evidences dating
back to the Jurassic Period indicating hot and humid climate characterized by
dense forests. 180 million years old fossils of animals and plants are
preserved at Wood Fossil Park at Akal, situated 17 km away from
Jaisalmer.
The Desert National Park is a unique
and fragile ecosystem. More than 60 per cent of it is simply semi-arid
desert.
The seemingly barren lands gradually
dissolve at the horizon touching Pakistan.
But the warm sands of the Desert
National Park beyond Jaisalmer form a fertile micro broth hiding an astounding
variety of animals and birds.
Desert National Park is an excellent
example of the desert ecosystem.
The landform primarily comprises rocks
and compact salt lake bottoms, intermedial areas and fixed dunes.
The topography of Desert National Park
supports sandy, gravelly, rocky and compact salt lake bottoms. Sandy areas
dominate the western parts of Jaisalmer district, while gravelly and rocky
areas are scattered throughout central, southern and eastern areas.
The
Desert National Park is barren with several sand dunes and a
few hills in the north-western region. The Park forms a vast sandy and
undulating terrain.
Dominant
fauna
Birds –
Great Indian Bustard, Falcons, Eagles, Vultures, Bee-Eaters, Shrikes, Larks,
Demoiselle Crane, Macqueen’s Bustard, Sand grouse, Long-Legged, Honey Buzzards,
chats, babblers, kites etc.
Reptiles –
Russell’s viper, Saw Scaled Viper, Monitor Lizard, Spiny tailed lizard, Saw
scaled viper, Common Krait, Spiny Tailed Lizard, Gecko, Persian Gecko etc.
Keoladeo Ghana National Park
Detail:
Bird Sanctuary-1971
National Park-1981
Ramsar site Oct-1981
World Heritage Site-1985
Reserve forest
Keoladeo Ghana National
Park is also known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary or Keoladeo Ghana Bird
Sanctuary. Keoladeo Ghana National Park is located in the Bharatpur district of
the state of Rajasthan.
Keoladeo Ghana National
Park famous for housing of birds and was created around 250 years ago. The name
Keoladeo has been derived from a nearby ancient Hindu temple, devoted to
Lord Shiva (Maharaja Suraj Mal).
Keoladeo Ghana National Park also famous
migrant species of birds, including the Common, Demoiselle and the rare
Siberian Cranes.
Keoladeo was declared a Bird Sanctuary
in 1971. The Keoladeo bird sanctuary was declared as a National park in
1981.
Total area
of the National park is about 28.7 sq. km.
Keoladeo Ghana National Park was announced
as a Ramsar site under the Wetland Convention in October 1981.
Keoladeo was designated a World Heritage
Site under the world Heritage Convention in 1985 by UNESCO.
It
is a Reserve forest under the Rajasthan Forest Act, 1953 and therefore,
is the property of the State of Rajasthan of the Indian Union.
The park was a hunting ground for the
maharaja of Bharatpur, who turned his personal hunting domain into a bird
sanctuary in 1956.
Maharaja of Bharatpur setting up the
sanctuary, building a dam and an artificial lake to store the rains that would
fall in torrents during the monsoons.
Duck shoots were organized yearly in honor
of the British viceroys. In one shoot alone in 1938, about 4,250 birds were
killed by Lord Linlithgow. The last big shoot was held in 1964 but the
Maharajah retained shooting rights until 1972.
Grazing
of village cattle was banned in this area in 1982, which led to clashes between
government and local farmers.
Sariska National Park
Detail:
Wildlife Reserve-1955
Wildlife Sanctuary-1958
(1979) Sariska Tiger Reserve
National Park-1982
Sariska is a beautiful place, located in
the Alwar district of the state of Rajasthan.
The area of Sariska, being a part of the
Aravalli Range.
Sariska was declared a wildlife Reserve
in 1955.
The reserve was declared a wildlife
sanctuary in 1958 and came under the “Project Tiger” as a Sariska
tiger reserve in 1979.
The total area of the sanctuary is about
800 sq. km.
The Sariska tiger reserve was
declared as a National park in 1982. Total area of the National park is about
273.8 sq. km.
The landscape of Sariska comprises of hills
and narrow valleys of the Aravalli hill range.
The topography of Sariska supports
scrub-thorn arid forests, rocky landscapes, tropical forest, grasslands, dry
deciduous forests, rocks and hilly cliffs.
The area of Sariska is rich in mineral
resources, such as copper.
Supreme
Court of India ban on mining in the area of Sariska National park, in
1991.
Sariska is the first tiger reserve in the
world to have successfully relocated tigers.
Sariska was a hunting reserve for royal families in past. Its plentiful tiger population supported by large herds of Sambhar and Nilgai was the ideal place for the royals of the state as well as their visiting guests to go on shikaars. The broad range of wildlife here is a wonderful example of ecological adoption and tolerance, for the climate here is variable as well as erratic.
It gives me immense pleasure in presenting the Geography of Rajasthan book, useful for the students of Graduate and the candidates appearing in Rajasthan Competitive Examinations conducted by RPSC and Rajasthan Subordinate Board, Universities and Government Departments.
This book deals with the relevant features and topics of geographical landscape of Rajasthan in a systematic and comprehensive manner by the use of simple and concise language for easy and quick understanding. Varied topics covered are Physiography, climate, soil, livestock, minerals, Agriculture, transportation, Census, wildlife, drainage and other important topics by latest available data/diagrams. I hope that the readers will find this book user friendly and helpful in preparation of their examinations. I look forwarded to have the views, comment, suggestions and criticism from readers which would definitely help in further improvement of the Book.
Wish you happy reading and best wishes for the examinations.
(1)Rivers that drain in the Bay of Bengal: Chambal River, Parwati- Kalisindh-Chambal link, Banas River, Banas River Basin, Kali Sindh River, Parvati River, Berach River, Mez River, Vapani (Bahyani) River, Gambhiri River, Banganga River (2) Rivers that drain into the Arabian Sea: Luni River, Mahi River, Sabarmati River (3) Inland Rivers: Inland River/Drainage, Kantali River, Sota Sabi River, Kakani or Kakneya River, Ghaghar River (4)Other Rivers: Khari River, Dai River, Dheel River, Morel River, Kalisil River, Sarasvati and Drishadvati: Ancient Indian River
(1) Salt Water Lakes: Sambhar Lake, Didwana, Pachpadra, Lunkaransar Lake (2)Fresh (Sweet) Water Lake:Jaisamand , Rajsamand , Pichhola, Fateh Sagar , Anasagar , Pushkar Lake, Siliserh Lake, NLCP in Rajasthan
Major Irrigation Projects: Chambal Project, Mahi Bajaj Sagar Project, Bhakra Nangal Canal Project, Narmada Project, Bilasalpur Project (1986-87), Indira Gandhi Canal Project, Irrigation system of Rajasthan, Sources of Irrigation: Wells and Tube wells, Tank Irrigation, Canal Irrigation, electric pumps, Persian Wheel
Rajasthan crop seasons-Rabi, Kharif, Pearl millet, technological interventions, Chickpea, Guar, Rapeseed-mustard, Groundnut, Fodder, Aonla, Ber
7. Mineral resources
(1) Metallic Minerals – Types, Distribution and Industrial uses and their Conservation
(2) Non-Metallic Minerals – Types, Distribution and Industrial uses and their Conservation (3) Other Minerals
8. Energy Resources
Classification of Power Resources, Conventional: Thermal (Coal, Oil & Gas), Hydro, Atomic, Non-Conventional: Solar, Wind, Biogas, Biomass, Tidal, Geo-thermal, Distribution of major power resources of Rajasthan, Hydrocarbon Basin, power plants and major projects, schemes, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy.
9. Population and Tribes
Rajasthan Population -2011, Religious Data, Urban Population, Metropolitan/City Population, Population density, District-wise Population Data, Scheduled Caste population by sex and residence, Sex Ratio among Scheduled Castes, Percentage of Scheduled Castes, Tribe population, Percentage of Scheduled Tribes, Population Glossary, Tribes in Rajasthan: Bhil, Bheel, Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra, Vasava, Vasave, Mina, Meena, Bhil Mina, Customs and ornaments, Food of Bhils, Social life and tradition, Art and culture, Garasia tribe, Customs and ornaments, Social life and tradition, Meena/Mina Tribes, Sahariya tribes, Programmes for development of Tribes, Manikya lal verma Research institute, Banvasi Kalyan Parishad, Tribal Sub-Plan Area Scheme, IRDP, Modified Area Development Programme, Some other Programmes for tribe’s development:
Wildlife traditionally
refers to undomesticated animal species but has come to include all organisms
that grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans. Wildlife
can be found in all ecosystems.
Sanctuary is an area which
is of adequate ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological, natural or
zoological significance. The Sanctuary is declared for the purpose of
protecting, propagating or developing wildlife or its environment. Certain
rights of people living inside the Sanctuary could be permitted. Further,
during the settlement of claims before finally notifying the Sanctuary, the
Collector may in consultation with the Chief Wildlife Warden and allow the
continuation of any right of any person in or over any land within the limits
of the Sanctuary.
A sanctuary is a protected
area
which is reserved for the conservation of only animal and human activities like
harvesting of timber, collecting minor forest products and private ownership
rights are allowed as long as they do not interfere with well-being of animals.
Boundaries of sanctuaries are not well defined and controlled biotic
interference is permitted.
Definition of Wildlife
Sanctuary: Wildlife Sanctuary as the name suggests, is
the place that is reserved exclusively for the use of wildlife, which includes
animals, reptiles, insects, birds etc. Otherwise called as wildlife refuges it
provides habitat and safe & healthy living conditions to the wild animals
especially to the endangered and rare ones so that they can live peacefully for
their entire life and maintain their viable population.
For proper management of
the sanctuary the rangers or guards are appointed to patrol the region. They
ensure the safety of animals from poaching, predating or harassing.
International Union of Conservation of
Nature, shortly called as IUCN has grouped wildlife
sanctuaries in Category IV of protected areas.
The International Union
for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is a membership Union uniquely composed of
both government and civil society organisations. It provides public, private
and non-governmental organisations with the knowledge and tools that enable
human progress, economic development and nature conservation to take place
together.
Created in 1948, IUCN has
evolved into the world’s largest and most diverse environmental network.
Definition
of National Park: National Park implies an area that is
exclusively designated by the government for the conservation of wildlife and
biodiversity due to its natural, cultural and historical significance. It is
home to millions of animals, birds, insects, microorganisms, etc. of different
genes and species, which provides a healthy and safe environment to them.
National Parks, not only
conserve wildlife, but it also provides an amusement of the environmental and
scenic heritage, in a way and by those means that does not cause harm to it, so
as to provide enjoyment to the future generations. The plantation, cultivation,
grazing, hunting and predating of animals, destruction of flowers are highly
prohibited.
Key
Differences between Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park:
The points given below
explain the difference between wildlife sanctuary and national park:
Wildlife sanctuary can be understood as the
regions where wildlife and their habitat are protected from any disturbance.
Conversely, a National park is the area of countryside, which is specifically
designated for wildlife, where they can live freely and use the natural
resources.
Wildlife Sanctuaries are famous for the
conservation of wildlife, which includes animals, insects, microorganisms,
birds, etc. of different genes and species. On the other hand, National Parks
are highly known preserving the flora, fauna, landscape and historical objects.
Wildlife Sanctuaries aims at ensuring that
a substantial population of the wildlife and their habitats are maintained. As
against, National Parks safeguards the environmental, scenic and cultural
heritage of the region.
When it comes to restrictions, national
parks are highly restricted areas, which are not open to all the people,
whereas wildlife sanctuaries have lesser restrictions than national parks.
To visit national parks, official
permission is to be taken from the requisite authorities. In contrast, no
official permission is to be taken to visit a wildlife sanctuary.
Boundaries of wildlife sanctuaries are not
sacrosanct. However, the national parks have clearly marked boundaries.
Human activities are allowed to a limited
extent in the wildlife sanctuaries but in case of national parks, they are
strictly prohibited by the authorities.
Difference between
Wildlife Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserves and National Park
Wildlife Sanctuary: It
is a consecrated place where sacred species are kept. It is not open for
general public, unlike zoo. In other words, it tries not to allow any activity
that would place the animals in an unduly stressful situation. India has 543
wildlife sanctuaries.
Characteristics of
Wildlife Sanctuary
1. It is natural area
which is reserve by a governmental or private agency for the protection of
particular species.
2. Area is designated for
the protection of wild animals.
3. Only animals are
conserved, Could be private property also, outside activities allowed
4. It came under the
category called “Protected Areas”. The Protected Areas are declared
under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
5. International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has defined its Category IV type of protected
areas.
National
Parks: It is a home to many species of birds and
animals which is established by central and state government for the conservation.
Characteristics of
National Park
1. Reserve area of land,
owned by the government.
2. Area is protected from
human exploitation, industrialization and pollution.
3. There is no cutting or
Grazing allowed and no any Outside Species Allowed
4. It came under the
category called “Protected Areas”. The Protected Areas are declared
under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
5. Conservation of ‘wild
nature’ for posterity and as a symbol of national pride.
6. International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and its World Commission on Protected Areas has
defined its Category II type of protected areas.
Biosphere Reserve: The
International Co-ordinating Council (ICC) of UNESCO designated of ‘Biosphere
reserve’ for natural areas from November, 1971.
Characteristics of
Biosphere Reserve:
1. Notified areas which
cover a larger area of land which may cover multiple National Parks,
Sanctuaries and reserves as well.
2. Areas are meant for
conservation of biodiversity of a specific area.
3. Three areas: Core,
Buffer & Marginal. No outside Species allowed Conservation & research
purpose.
4. It is internationally
recognized within the framework of UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB)
programme and nominated by national governments.
5. The Ministry of
Environment and Forest provides financial assistance to the respective State
governments for conservation of landscape and biological diversity and cultural
heritage.
Wildlife Sanctuary of Rajasthan
S.No.
Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS)
Established Year
Area (In km²)
1
Bandh
Baratha WLS
1985
199.5
2
Bassi
WLS
1988
138.69
3
Bhensrodgarh
WLS
1983
229.14
4
Darrah
WLS
1955
80.75
5
Jaisamand
WLS
1955
52
6
Jamwa
Ramgarh WLS
1982
300
7
Jawahar
Sagar WLS
1975
153.41
8
Kailadevi
WLS
1983
676.38
9
Kesarbagh
WLS
1955
14.76
10
Kumbhalgarh
WLS
1971
608.58
11
Mount
Abu WLS
1960
112.98
12
Nahargarh
WLS
1980
50
13
National
Chambal WLS
1979
274.75
14
Phulwari
Ki Nal WLS
1983
692.68
15
Ramgarh
Vishdhari WLS
1982
252.79
16
Ramsagar
WLS
1955
34.4
17
Sajjangarh
WLS
1987
5.19
18
Sariska
WLS
1955
219
19
Sawaimadhopur
WLS
1955
131.3
20
Sawai
Man Singh WLS
1984
103.25
21
Shergarh
WLS
1983
98.71
22
Sitamata
WLS
1979
422.94
23
Tal
Chhapper WLS
1971
7.19
24
Todgarh
Raoli WLS
1983
495.27
25
Van
Vihar WLS
1955
25.6
Source – Wildlife
Institute of India
Main
wildlife found in Protected Areas
Protected Area
Main Wild Life
DamDamp-baretha
Resident and migratory Birds
Sariska
Tiger, Panther, Chital, Sambhar,
Porcupine
Sariska ‘A’
Sambhar, Chital, Panther
Desert National Park
Chinkara, Desert Cat, Fox, Great Indian
Bustard
Ramgarh- Vishdhari
Panther, hyena, Sloth Bear, jackal, Fox,
Chital
Kesar Bagh
Wolf, hyena, Fox, Chital
Ram Sagar
Wolf, hyena, Fox, Chital
Van Vihar
Bear, Wolf, Chital, hyena, Fox, Wild Cat
Keoladevi
Panther, Chital, Chinkara, Sambhar, Bear,
hyena, Wild Boar, Wolf
Panther, Sloth Bear, Hyena, wild boar,
Four Horned antelope, Sambhar
Mount Abu
Panther, Bear, Hyena, Wolf, Porcupine
Sawai Man Singh
Tiger, Panther, Hyena, Fox, Bear, Chital,
Sambhar
It gives me immense pleasure in presenting the Geography of Rajasthan book, useful for the students of Graduate and the candidates appearing in Rajasthan Competitive Examinations conducted by RPSC and Rajasthan Subordinate Board, Universities and Government Departments.
This book deals with the relevant features and topics of geographical landscape of Rajasthan in a systematic and comprehensive manner by the use of simple and concise language for easy and quick understanding. Varied topics covered are Physiography, climate, soil, livestock, minerals, Agriculture, transportation, Census, wildlife, drainage and other important topics by latest available data/diagrams. I hope that the readers will find this book user friendly and helpful in preparation of their examinations. I look forwarded to have the views, comment, suggestions and criticism from readers which would definitely help in further improvement of the Book.
Wish you happy reading and best wishes for the examinations.
(1)Rivers that drain in the Bay of Bengal: Chambal River, Parwati- Kalisindh-Chambal link, Banas River, Banas River Basin, Kali Sindh River, Parvati River, Berach River, Mez River, Vapani (Bahyani) River, Gambhiri River, Banganga River (2) Rivers that drain into the Arabian Sea: Luni River, Mahi River, Sabarmati River (3) Inland Rivers: Inland River/Drainage, Kantali River, Sota Sabi River, Kakani or Kakneya River, Ghaghar River (4)Other Rivers: Khari River, Dai River, Dheel River, Morel River, Kalisil River, Sarasvati and Drishadvati: Ancient Indian River
(1) Salt Water Lakes: Sambhar Lake, Didwana, Pachpadra, Lunkaransar Lake (2)Fresh (Sweet) Water Lake:Jaisamand , Rajsamand , Pichhola, Fateh Sagar , Anasagar , Pushkar Lake, Siliserh Lake, NLCP in Rajasthan
Major Irrigation Projects: Chambal Project, Mahi Bajaj Sagar Project, Bhakra Nangal Canal Project, Narmada Project, Bilasalpur Project (1986-87), Indira Gandhi Canal Project, Irrigation system of Rajasthan, Sources of Irrigation: Wells and Tube wells, Tank Irrigation, Canal Irrigation, electric pumps, Persian Wheel
Rajasthan crop seasons-Rabi, Kharif, Pearl millet, technological interventions, Chickpea, Guar, Rapeseed-mustard, Groundnut, Fodder, Aonla, Ber
7. Mineral resources
(1) Metallic Minerals – Types, Distribution and Industrial uses and their Conservation
(2) Non-Metallic Minerals – Types, Distribution and Industrial uses and their Conservation (3) Other Minerals
8. Energy Resources
Classification of Power Resources, Conventional: Thermal (Coal, Oil & Gas), Hydro, Atomic, Non-Conventional: Solar, Wind, Biogas, Biomass, Tidal, Geo-thermal, Distribution of major power resources of Rajasthan, Hydrocarbon Basin, power plants and major projects, schemes, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy.
9. Population and Tribes
Rajasthan Population -2011, Religious Data, Urban Population, Metropolitan/City Population, Population density, District-wise Population Data, Scheduled Caste population by sex and residence, Sex Ratio among Scheduled Castes, Percentage of Scheduled Castes, Tribe population, Percentage of Scheduled Tribes, Population Glossary, Tribes in Rajasthan: Bhil, Bheel, Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra, Vasava, Vasave, Mina, Meena, Bhil Mina, Customs and ornaments, Food of Bhils, Social life and tradition, Art and culture, Garasia tribe, Customs and ornaments, Social life and tradition, Meena/Mina Tribes, Sahariya tribes, Programmes for development of Tribes, Manikya lal verma Research institute, Banvasi Kalyan Parishad, Tribal Sub-Plan Area Scheme, IRDP, Modified Area Development Programme, Some other Programmes for tribe’s development:
Sirohi district of
Rajasthan. The breed also extends to Palanpur in Gujarat.
2.
Marwari
Marwar region of
Rajasthan, comprising Jodhpur, Pali, Nagaur, Bikaner, Jalore,
Jaisalmer and Barmer
districts. The breed also extends into certain areas of Gujarat, especially
Mehsana district.
3.
Jhakrana
Jhakrana and a few
surrounding villages near Behror, in the Alwar district of Rajasthan.
4.
Barbary
Etah, Agra and Aligarh
districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bharatpur district of
Rajasthan.
This breed is otherwise
known as Bhadawari, Desan, Gujarati, Kathiawari, Sorthi and Surati.
Originated in Gir forests of
South Kathiawar in Gujarat also found in Maharashtra and adjacent Rajasthan.
Basic colours of skin are
white with dark red or chocolate-brown patches or sometimes black or purely
red.
Horns are peculiarly curved,
giving a ‘half moon’ appearance.
Milk yield ranges from
1200-1800 kgs per lactation.
Age at first calving 45-54
months and inter calving period from 515 to 600 days.
This is known for its
hardiness and disease resistance.
2. Sahiwal
Originated in Montgomery
region of undivided India.
This breed otherwise known
as Lola (loose skin), Lambi Bar, Montgomery, Multani and Teli.
The best indigenous dairy
breed.
The colour is reddish dun or
pale red, sometimes flashed with white patches.
Heavy breed with symmetrical
body having loose skin.
The average milk yield of
this breed is between 1400 and 2500 kg per lactation.
Age at first calving ranges
from 37 to 48 months and the calving interval is 430 to 580 days.
3. Tharparkar
Originated in Tharparkar
district (Pakistan) of undivided India and also found in Rajasthan.
Otherwise known as White
Sindhi, Gray Sindhi and Thari.
They are medium sized,
compact and have lyre-shaped horn and Body colour is white or light grey.
The bullocks are quite
suitable for ploughing and casting and the cows yield 1800 to 2600 kg of milk
per lactation.
Age at first calving ranges
from 38 to 42 months and inter calving period from 430 to 460 days.
4. Hariana
• It was originated from Rohtak, Hisar, Jind and
Gurgaon districts of Haryana and also popular in Punjab, UP and parts of MP.
• Horns are small and the bullocks are powerful
work animals.
• Hariana cows are fair Milkers yielding 600 to
800 kg of milk in lactation.
• The age at first calving is 40 to 60 months
and calving interval is 480 to 630 days.
5. Kankrej
It is otherwise called as
Wadad or Waged, Wadhiar.
Originated from Southeast
Rann of Kutch of Gujarat and adjoining Rajasthan (Barmer and Jodhpur district).
The horns are lyre-shaped.
Colour of the animal varies
from silver-grey to iron-grey or steel black.
The gait of Kankrej is
peculiar called as 1 ¼ paces (sawai chal).
Kankrej is valued for fast,
powerful, draught cattle.
Useful in ploughing and
carting.
The cows are good milkers,
yielding about 1400 kg per lactation.
6. Rathi
Mostly found in Lunkaransar Tehsil
of Bikaner and Ganganagar & Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan and also
found in Fazilka & Abhor district of Punjab, adjoining to Rajasthan.
Usually brown with white
patches all over the body but animals having complete brown or black with white
patches are often encountered.
Horn: Short and generally do
not exceed 3-4 inches
Forehead: Medium size &
lean
Ear- Medium size
Body- Medium size &
symmetrical
7. Malvi
Mostly found in Malwa area
of Madhya Pradesh and Jhalawar districts of Rajasthan.
Type: Draught and the Colour
–White, Males: Grey dark in neck, shoulders, hump quarters, Head: Short, dished
forehead.
Horns: Strong pointed emerge
from outer angles from poll.
Tail: Switch is black.
8. Nagauri
Mostly found in Nagaur
districts of Rajasthan.
Type –Draught and the Colour
– White, light Grey.
Eyes-White eyelids, heavy
and over hanging
Horns-Black, emerging from
outer angles.
Ears-Medium size, inside is
pinkish.
9. Murrah
Most important breed of
buffaloes whose home is Rohtak, Hisar and Sind of Haryana, Nabha and Patiala
districts of Punjab and southern parts
of Delhi state. It is also called as Delhi, Kundi and Kali.
The colour is usually jet
black with white markings on tail and face and extremities sometimes found.
Tightly curved horn is an
important character of this breed.
Most efficient milk and
butter fat producers in India.
Butter fat content is 7.83%.
Average lactation yield is varying from 1500 to 2500 kgs per lactation and also
used for the grading up of inferior local buffaloes.
10. Surti
It is also known as Deccani,
Gujarati, Talabda, Charator and Nadiadi.
The breeding tract of this
breed is Kaira and Baroda district of Gujarat. Coat colour varies from rusty
brown to silver-grey.
The horns are sickle shaped,
moderately long and flat.
The peculiarity of the breed
is two white collars, one round the jaw and the other at the brisket region.
The milk yield ranges from
1000 to 1300 kgs per lactation and the peculiarity of this breed is very high
fat percentage in milk (8-12 %).
The line dividing the
Sandy Arid Plains and the Semi-Arid Transitional Plain is climatic, i.e. 25cm
isohyets. The western-most belt which is ‘The Great Desert’ is covered
by sand dunes which stretch from the Great Rann along the Pakistan border to
Punjab. The degree and extent of sand dunes greatly influence the economic
activity in this area. 63 per cent sand dune area of Rajasthan is
concentrated in the desert districts of Barmer, Jaisalmer and Bikaner.
Gullying has given rise to conglomerate
landscape. Its eastern part is covered with superficial sand deposits.
Towards north lies the Shekhawati
tract which is semi arid transitional plain characterized by inland
drainage & stream with salt lakes. Ghaggar Plain lies in extreme north.
Semi-Arid Transitional Plain or Rajasthan
Bagar divided into:
1.
Luni Basin
2.
Shekhawati Region
3.
Ghaggar Plain
4.
Nagauri Upland
1. Luni Basin: This
area is locally known as Naid and is one of best alluvial plains and
flood occurs during the rainy season in Luni river.
The Luni River originates
from western slopes of Naga Hills of Aravalli Range near Ana sagar lake,
Ajmer. Barmer, Jalore, Jodhpur and Nagaur districts are part of this basin and the
total Area is 34866 .4 Sq. Km.
Basin is drained by the
Luni River & its tributaries Bandi, Saagi, etc. Covers the area from its
source to Tilwara in Barmer where Sukari River meets it.
2. Shekhawati Region: Aravalli
hills runs through this region from south to north, cutting into almost two
halves and Churu, Sikar, Jhunjhunu & Nagaur districts are part of this
region; the main occupation of this region is live stock, Milk production
& dairy.
Topography of the
Shekhawati tracts is characterized by an undulating sandy terrain traversed by
longitudinal sand dunes. Kantli is the only seasonal river.
3. Ghaggar Plain:
Hanumangarh & Sriganganagar districts are part of this plain. There is no
stream or river except Ghaggar Nali which flows through the ancient bed of
Ghaggar river which is now extinct; this region is known as Ghaggar Plain.
This plain is a sandy plain interspersed with sand-dunes &small sand-hills.
A large part of it is dreary & full of sand dunes. Northern part of this
region is fully canalled & thus is made productive. Sand ridge dunes
are found on the bank of ancient rivers height of sand ridge dunes-6 m to 30
m.
4. Nagauri Upland: Average height of this region from sea level is 300 m to 500 meter and the rainfall in this region is 25 cm in west to 50 cm in east. This region is full of sand hills & low depressions and the temperature being High, the evaporation of the saline flood water results in the deposits of the Salt & Soda in the depression.
Rajasthan is bisected by
Aravali range into two major parts: Southeast Rajasthan and Northwest
Rajasthan. The northwest consists of a series of sand dunes covers nearly
two-thirds of the area. Aravali range is approximately 692 Kms long
which is running across Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi.
The Aravali Mountain in Rajasthan is divided into following Ranges:
What is Mountain?
Mountains are landforms
that stick up high above the surrounding land. Mountains are much taller than
hills, mountains can often be found together in groups or mountain ranges.
Mountains are prominent
landforms that have significant heights above sea level and/or the surrounding
land. They are steeper than hills. A mountain or mountain range usually has a
peak, which is a pointed top. Mountains have different climates than land at
sea level and nearby flat land.
The literal meaning of
Aravalli Range is ‘line of peaks’. It is the oldest fold mountain ranges
in the world which stretching about 300 miles from the northeast to the
southwest which extends from Delhi to Ahmadabad. Guru Shikhar is the highest
point which is located in Mount Abu. The Aravalli range is very rich in natural
resources and gave rise of numerous peninsula rivers like Banas, Luni and
Sabarmati. This region is also famous for heavily forested consisting of large
areas of sand and stone and of masses of rose-coloured quartzite.
1. North-Eastern Aravalli
Range
This range is also known as Alwar hill
range.
In North-Eastern Aravalli Range all the
hill ranges are eroded.
It stretches from delhi to isolated hills
of Alwar & Jaipur.
Average elevation of this range is approx.
300-670 meters.
Towards north & east it merges with
Ganga-Yamuna plains.
Torawati hills, Malkhet & Khetri Group
of hills are also part of north eastern Aravali range.
Important Peaks of North-Eastern Aravalli
Region:
Peak Name
District
Height (meters)
Raghunathgarh
Sikar
1055
Khoh
Jaipur
920
Bhairach
Alwar
792
Barwara
Jaipur
786
Babai
Jhunjhunu
780
Bilali
Alwar
775
Manoharpur
Jaipur
747
Baraith
Jaipur
704
Sariska
Alwar
677
2. Central Aravali Range
The Average height of
Central Aravali Range is 700 meter but in the valley it is approx 550m. Four
famous ghats of this range are Bar, Pakheria, Shivpur and sura ghat.
Shekhawati lower hills and Marwar hills are part of Central Aravali range.
It includes districts of
Ajmer, south-western Tonk and Jaipur Surrounded:-
(1) North by Alwar hills
(2) East by Karauli table-land
(3) South by Banas plains and
(4) West by Sambhar basin
Important Peaks of Central
Aravalli Region
Peaks
District
Height (m)
Goramji
Ajmer
934
Taragarh
Ajmer
870
Naag Pahar
Ajmer
795
3. Southern Aravali Range
The southern Aravali
expansion of hill ranges: 100km width and the average height is 1000meter. Granite
and Aravali quartzite also found in this range and it formed 8-10 hill
ranges are in parallel. The Southern Aravali range includes district of
Banswara, Udaipur, Sirohi, Dungarpur & South-eastern margin of Pali
district.
Physiographically it is a
dominant part of Aravallis which falls in Mewar. The general altitude of the
region is above 650 metre and it extends longitudinally from Bhim tehsil in the
north to the Dungarpur tehsil in the south. The region separates Marwar in the
west from the Mewar in the east, extending along the western border of Udaipur
district. The Aravalli within Mewar appears like a triangular shaped land form,
having greates width as well as height in the south. Thus the whole western
portion of the Mewar is part of Aravalli and widely known as south Aravalli
region.
The term “geography” comes from the ancient Greeks. In Greek, geo means earth and graphy means to write. Greeks developed an understanding of where their homeland was located in relation to other places and how people and environments were distributed by using geography. Introduction:Geography of Rajasthan
Geography is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments. Geographers explore both the physical properties of Earth’s surface and the human societies spread across it. They also examine how human culture interacts with the natural environment and the way those locations and places can have an impact on people. Geography seeks to understand where things are found, why they are there and how they develop and change over the time. Introduction Geography of Rajasthan
The natural resources of a country are of primary importance for the economic development. As a matter of fact, natural resources determine the economic life of a nation. Introduction Geography of Rajasthan
Man may grow rich in knowledge and intelligence,
however much he may have overcome nature but ultimately he will have to depend on
the materials supplied by Mother Nature for the development of his economic
life.
The physical factors like topography, soils, geologic formation, climate and the available flora and fauna are the basic influences which lead to differences in land-use, cropping pattern, settlement and density of population and occurrence of minerals, water and power resources in different parts of the country. Introduction Geography of Rajasthan
Geography also became an important part of other
academic disciplines, such as chemistry, economics and philosophy. In fact
every academic subject has some geographic connection and the study where
certain chemical elements such as gold or silver can be found. Economists
examine which nations trade with other nations and what resources are
exchanged.
Some people have trouble to understanding the complete scope of the discipline of geography because unlike most other disciplines, geography is not defined by one particular topic. The geography is concerned with many different topics—people, culture, politics, settlements, plants, land forms and much more. Introduction:Geography of Rajasthan
What distinguishes geography is that, it approaches the
study of diverse topics in a particular way. Geography asks spatial
questions—how and why things are distributed or arranged in particular ways on
Earth’s surface. It looks at these different distributions and arrangements at
many different scales. It also asks questions about how the interaction of
different human and natural activities on earth’s surface shape the
characteristics of the world in which we live.
Geography seeks to understand where things are found
and why they are present in those places; how things that are located in the
same or distant places influence one another over time; and why places and the
people who live in them develop and change in particular ways. Raising these
questions is at the heart of the “geographical perspective.”
The study of geography is so broad; the discipline is typically divided into specialties. At the broadest level, geography is divided into physical geography, human geography, geographic techniques and regional geography. Introduction Geography of Rajasthan
The natural environment is the primary concern of physical geographers, although many physical geographers also look at how humans have altered natural systems. Physical geographers study Earth’s seasons, climate, atmosphere, soil, streams, landforms and oceans. Some disciplines within physical geography include geomorphology, glaciology, Pedology, hydrology, climatology, biogeography and oceanography.
Geomorphology is the study of landforms and the processes that shape them. Geomorphologists investigate the nature and impact of wind, ice, rivers, erosion, earthquakes, volcanoes, living things, and other forces that shape and change the surface of the Earth.
Glaciologists focus on the Earth’s ice fields and their impact on the planet’s climate. Glaciologists document the properties and distribution of glaciers and icebergs. Data collected by glaciologists has demonstrated the retreat of Arctic and Antarctic ice in the past century. Introduction Geography of Rajasthan
Pedologists study soil and how it is created, changed and classified. Soil studies are used by a variety of professions from farmers analyzing field fertility to engineers investigating the suitability of different areas for building heavy structures.
Hydrology is the study of Earth’s water: its properties, distribution and effects. Hydrologists are especially concerned with the movement of water as it cycles from the ocean to the atmosphere then back to Earth’s surface. Hydrologists study the water cycle through rainfall into streams, lakes, the soil and underground aquifers.
Climatologists study Earth’s climate system and its impact on Earth’s surface. For example: climatologists make predictions about El Nino- a cyclical weather phenomenon of warm surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean. They analyze the dramatic worldwide climate changes caused by El Nino, such as flooding in Peru, drought in Australia and in the United States, the oddities of heavy Texas rains or an unseasonably warm Minnesota winter.
Biogeographers study the impact of the environment on the distribution of plants and animals. For example: a biogeographer might document all the places in the world inhabited by a certain spider species and what those places have in common.
Oceanography is a related discipline of physical geography, focuses on the creatures and environments of the world’s oceans. The discovery and tracking of the Gulf Stream helped communications and travel between Europe and the Americas. Introduction Geography of Rajasthan
Human geography is concerned with the distribution and networks of people and cultures on Earth’s surface. A human geographer might investigate the local, regional and global impact of rising economic powers China and India, which represent 37 percent of the world’s people. They also might look at how consumers in China and India adjust to new technology and markets and how markets respond to such a huge consumer base. Introduction Geography of Rajasthan
Human geographers also study how people use and alter their environments. When people allow their animals to overgraze a region, the soil erodes and grassland is transformed into desert. The impact of overgrazing on the landscape as well as agricultural production is an area of study for human geographers. Introduction:Geography of Rajasthan
The Republic of India is a vast country. It lies entirely in the northern hemisphere. The mainland of the country extends between latitudes 8°4′ and 37°6′ north, longitude 68°7′ and 97°25′ east. Introduction Geography of Rajasthan
Why everyone should read
Geography?
To understand basic physical systems that
affect everyday life.
To learn the location of places and the physical
and cultural characteristics of those places.
To develop a mental map of your community,
province or territory, country and the world so that you can understand the
“where” of places and events.
To explain how the processes of human and
physical systems have arranged and sometimes changed the surface of the Earth.
To understand the spatial organization of
society, people and places.
To understand the geography of past times
and how geography has played important roles in the evolution of people, their
ideas, places and our environments.
To recognize spatial distributions at all
scales- local and worldwide -the complex connectivity of people and land
places.
To be able to make sensible judgements
about matters involving relationships between the physical environment and our
society.
To appreciate Earth as the homeland of
humankind and provide insight for wise management decisions about how the
planet’s resources should be used.
To
understand global interdependence and to become a better global citizen.
To
understand earth-sun relationships, water cycles and wind and ocean currents).
To
understand the rich natural resources and how peoples are depend on our
environment and ecology.
Geography is a focus within the curriculum for understanding and resolving issues about the environment and sustainable development. It is also an important link between the natural and social sciences. As students study geography, they encounter different societies and cultures. Introduction Geography of Rajasthan
Introduction of Rajasthan
The Rajasthan state was
earlier known as Rajputana came into existence on March 30, 1949.
Rajasthan, situated at the northwestern part of India is the biggest state in the country of India and lies between 23°30′ and 30° 11′ North latitude and 69° 29′ and 78° 17′ East longitude. The state shares its north-western and western boundary with the Indo-Pakistan international border that extends about 1,070 km and touches the major districts Barmer, Bikaner, Sriganganagar and Jaisalmer. It is bounded on the west and northwest by Pakistan, on the north and northeast by Haryana &Uttar Pradesh, on the south-southeast and southwest by Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat States respectively. The huge portion of the state of Rajasthan is desiccated and houses the biggest Indian desert- the Thar desert known as the ‘Maru-kantar’. The oldest chain of fold mountains- the Aravali range splits the state into two geographical zones- desert at one side and forest belt on the other. Only 10% of the total geographical region lies under forest vegetation. The Mount abu is the only hill station of the state and houses the Guru Shikhar Peak that is the highest peak of the Aravali range with an elevation of 1,722 m. The area to the east of the hills is covered by the eastern plains and the Vindhyan plateau. Introduction Geography of Rajasthan
The north-western state of Rajasthan is the largest indian state with an
area of 3, 42,239sq.km comprising of the 10.74% of the total geographical area
of the country. This state has a type of rhomboid shape and stretches
lengthwise 869 km. from west to east and 826 km. from north to south. The
Tropic of Cancer passes through its south tip in its Banswara
district.
The Aravalli ranges are india’s oldest fold mountains. The north end of the Aravalli range continues as secluded hills and rocky ridges into Haryana and ending in Delhi. Introduction Geography of Rajasthan
The Aravalli Range
and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile
and better watered. This region is home to the Kathiawar-Gir dry deciduous
forests eco-region with tropical dry broadleaf forests that include teak,
Acacia and other trees. The hilly Vagad region lies in southernmost
Rajasthan on the border with Gujarat. With the exception of Mount Abu,
Vagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan and the most heavily forested. North
of Vagad lays the mewar region home to the cities of Udaipur and Chittaurgarh
in Rajasthan. The Hadoti region lies to the southeast on the border with Madhya
Pradesh. The dhundhar region is located in the north of Hadoti and mewar is
also known as home to the state capital of Jaipur in Rajasthan. Mewat, the
easternmost region of Rajasthan borders with Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Eastern
and southeastern Rajasthan is drained by the Banas and Chambal rivers,
tributaries of the Ganges.
The Aravalli outline most important divisions of
Rajasthan. The Chambal River which is the only large and perennial river
in the state originates from its drainage to the east of this range and flows
northeast. Its principal tributary the Banas rises in the Aravali near
Kumbhalgarh and collects all the drainage of the Mewar plateau. Farther in
north the Banganga after rising near Jaipur in Rajasthan flow east-wards before
disappearing. The Luni is the only significant river located in west of the
Aravali. It rises in the Pushkar valley of Ajmer and flows 320 km
west-southwest into the Rann of Kachchh. Northeast of the Luni basin in the
Shekhawati tract, is an area of internal drainage characterized by salt lakes,
the largest of which is Sambhar Salt Lake.
Rajasthan has varying topographic features though a major part of the state is
dominated by parched and dry region. The extensive topography includes rocky
terrain, rolling sand dunes, wetlands and barren tracts of land filled with
thorny scrubs, river-drained plains, plateaus, ravines and wooded regions.
Rajasthan has its important role in drainage system
and some very useful rivers flow /originates through rajasthan. Chambal,
Banas, Sabarmati, Mithari, Parbati, Berach, Saraswati, Jawai and Luni Rivers
are important.
The soil and vegetation of Rajasthan
alters with its wide-ranging topography of the state and the availability of
water. The varied kind of soils available in Rajasthan are mostly sandy,
saline, alkaline and chalky (calcareous). Clay, loamy, black lava soil and
nitrogenous soils are also found.
The seasonal vegetation such as a few grass species, shrubs and dwarf trees can
be found owing to the limited rainfall. However food crops are grown in the
plains that are drained by the rivers and streamlets owing to the alluvial and
clay soil deposits. The hilly tracts of the Aravali are characterized by the
black, lava soils that sustain the growth of cotton and sugarcane.
The Thar desert or the Great Indian desert encompasses about 70% of total landmass of Rajasthan and hence it is identified as the “Desert State of India”. The Rajasthan desert which forms a major portion of the Thar desert is the biggest desert in India and encompasses the districts of Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Jodhpur. In fact the Rajasthan desert comprises the desert triangle of three cities – Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Jodhpur. Thar desert extends from Sutlej River bounded by aravali ranges on the eastern part and on the southern part by the Great Rann of Kutch and on the western side by the Indus river. Introduction Geography of Rajasthan
The
desert becomes very hot during the summer and it experiences extreme climate
with an average annual rainfall less than 25 cm. Days are hot and the nights
are cold here. The Vegetation consists of thorny bushes, shrubs and
xerophilious grass. Various species of lizards and snakes are found here.
Rajasthan has varying climate like its
varying topography. The weather and climate of the Rajasthan can be broadly
classified into four distinct seasons. They are – Pre-monsoon, which is the hot
season preceding the monsoon and extends from April to June, the Monsoon that
occurs in the month of June in the eastern region and mid- July in the western
arid regions. The Post-monsoon that
commences from mid-September and continues till November and the winter that
extends from December to March while January being the coldest month of the
year. The average temperature in winter ranges from 8° to 28° C and in summer
the average temperature range from 25° to 46° C.
Different Regions of Rajasthan:
1. Ahirwal- This include some part of Haryana too along with Rajasthan. Alwar
and Bharatpur in Rajasthan, Mahendragarh and Gurgaon in Haryana are part of
this region.
2. Bagar tract- This include regions of Fatehabad and
Sirsa (Haryana); Hanumangarh and Sriganganagar (Rajasthan).
3. Dhundhar- “Jaipur region” include districts –
Jaipur, Dausa, Sawai Madhopur, Tonk and northern part of Karauli.
4. Gorwar- South-western part of Rajasthan; having
historical capitals- Nadol, Chandrawati and Sirohi. It covers region of Jalore,
Sirohi and southern portion of Pali.
5. Hadoti- districts like Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar and
Kota are part of this region.
6. Marwar- “Jodhpur region” includes district of
Barmer, Jodhpur, Jalore, Nagaur and Pali.
7. Mewar- South-
central region of Rajasthan: In this region the districts covered are-
Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Rajsamand, Udaipur, Pirawa tehsil of Jhalawar
(Rajasthan), Neemuch and Mandsaur of M.P. and some parts of Gujarat.
8. Mewat- In this region area covered is the Hathin
tehsil and Nuh district of Haryana; Tijara, Kishangarh Bas, Ramgarh and Laxmangarh
tehsil. Aravalli range in Alwar district, Pahari, Nagaur, Kaman tehsils in
Bharatpur district of Rajasthan and some part of Mathura district of U.P.
9. Shekhawati- district like Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Churu
and a part of Nagaur and Jaipur.
10. Vagad- region in south-eastern Rajasthan.
Boundaries roughly defined by districts of Dungarpur and Banswara.
Rajasthan: Important Facts
Area
342,239 km2 (Biggest
state of India in terms of land)
Population
6.85 cr (2011 census)
Language
Official language (Hindi), Additional
official language (English) and Rajasthani (Devanagari is a language of the
Indo-Aryan languages family.
Climate
Rajasthan has a tropical desert
climate. It is extremely cold from October to February while the scorching
sun tortures the land from March to September.
Capital
Jaipur
Election Seats
25 Seats in General Election (Lok Sabha) and 200 Seats in Legislative
Assembley (Vidhan Sabha) Elections.
Legislature
Unicameral
Major Cities
(population)
Jaipur (3,073,349),
Jodhpur(1,138,300), Kota(1,001,365), Bikaner(647,804), Ajmer(551,101),
Udaipur(474,531) and Bhilwara(360,009)
Famous Lakes
Rajsamand Lake, Sambhar lake, Udai
Sagar Lake, Nakki Lake, Kaylana Lake, Raj Bagh Talao, Malik Talao, Lake Fateh
Sagar, Gadsisar Lake, Lake Pichhola, Swaroop Sagar Lake, Udai Sagar Lake, Raj
Bagh Talao etc.
Average annual rainfall
(mm)
313-675
The Thar Desert
Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and
Jodhpur (The Thar desert or the Great Indian desert encompasses about 70% of
total landmass of Rajasthan and hence it is identified as the “Desert
State of India”.)
Literacy
66.11 %
Districts
33
Sex Ratio (as per 2011
census)
928 per Thousand male
Child sex Ratio
888 (census 2011)
Famous Folk Dances
Bhavai Dance, Chari Dance, Drum
Dance, Fire Dance, Gair Dance, Ghoomar Dance ( by Bhil tribe),Kachhi Ghodi
dance, Kalbelia Dance(‘Sapera Dance or Snake Charmer),Kathak Dance, Kathputli
Dance.
The six forts — Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh,
Jaisalmer, Ranthambhore (Sawai Madhopur), Gagaron (Jhalawar) and Amber
(Jaipur) were recognised as serial World Heritage Sites in the 37th session
of the world heritage committee (WHC) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia .
Principal Crops
Barley, Wheat, Gram, Pulses, Oil
Seeds, Bajra, Pulses, Jowar, Maize,
Ground Nuts, fruits and vegetables and spices.etc.
Principal Minerals
Wollastonite (100%), Jasper(100%),
Zinc concentrate (99%), Fluorite(96%), Gypsum(93%),Marble(90%),
Asbestos(89%), Calcite(70%), Phosphate rock(75%), Mica, Copper, Silver and
Natural Gas & Petroleum
District-wise
Population-List (As per census – 2011)
District
Population
Area
(km2)
Po.
Density
Sex-ratio
Jaipur
66,26,178
11,143
595
910
Jodhpur
36,87,165
22,850
161
916
Alwar
36,74,179
8,380
438
895
Nagaur
33,07,743
17,718
187
950
Udaipur
30,68,420
11,724
262
958
Sikar
26,77,333
7,732
346
947
Barmer
26,03,751
28,387
92
902
Ajmer
25,83,052
8,481
305
951
Bharatpur
25,48,462
5,066
503
880
Bhilwara
24,08,523
10,455
230
973
Bikaner
23,63,937
30,239
78
905
Jhunjhunun
21,37,045
5,928
361
950
Churu
20,39,547
13,835
147
940
Pali
20,37,573
12,387
164
987
Ganganagar
19,69,168
10,978
179
887
Kota
19,51,014
5,217
374
911
Jalore
18,28,730
10,640
172
952
Banswara
17,97,485
4,522
397
980
Hanumangarh
17,74,692
9,656
184
906
Dausa
16,34,409
3,432
476
905
Chittaurgarh
15,44,338
7,822
197
972
Karauli
14,58,248
5,524
264
861
Tonk
14,21,326
7,194
198
952
Jhalawar
14,11,129
6,219
227
946
Dungarpur
13,88,552
3,770
368
994
SawaiMadhopur
13,35,551
4,498
297
897
Baran
12,22,755
6,992
175
929
Dhaulpur
12,06,516
3,033
398
846
Rajsamand
11,56,597
4,655
248
990
Bundi
11,10,906
5,776
192
925
Sirohi
10,36,346
5,136
202
940
Pratapgarh
8,67,848
4,449
195
983
Jaisalmer
6,69,919
38,401
17
852
It gives me immense pleasure in presenting the Geography of Rajasthan book, useful for the students of Graduate and the candidates appearing in Rajasthan Competitive Examinations conducted by RPSC and Rajasthan Subordinate Board, Universities and Government Departments.
This book deals with the relevant features and topics of geographical landscape of Rajasthan in a systematic and comprehensive manner by the use of simple and concise language for easy and quick understanding. Varied topics covered are Physiography, climate, soil, livestock, minerals, Agriculture, transportation, Census, wildlife, drainage and other important topics by latest available data/diagrams. I hope that the readers will find this book user friendly and helpful in preparation of their examinations. I look forwarded to have the views, comment, suggestions and criticism from readers which would definitely help in further improvement of the Book.
Wish you happy reading and best wishes for the examinations.
(1)Rivers that drain in the Bay of Bengal: Chambal River, Parwati- Kalisindh-Chambal link, Banas River, Banas River Basin, Kali Sindh River, Parvati River, Berach River, Mez River, Vapani (Bahyani) River, Gambhiri River, Banganga River (2) Rivers that drain into the Arabian Sea: Luni River, Mahi River, Sabarmati River (3) Inland Rivers: Inland River/Drainage, Kantali River, Sota Sabi River, Kakani or Kakneya River, Ghaghar River (4)Other Rivers: Khari River, Dai River, Dheel River, Morel River, Kalisil River, Sarasvati and Drishadvati: Ancient Indian River
(1) Salt Water Lakes: Sambhar Lake, Didwana, Pachpadra, Lunkaransar Lake (2)Fresh (Sweet) Water Lake:Jaisamand , Rajsamand , Pichhola, Fateh Sagar , Anasagar , Pushkar Lake, Siliserh Lake, NLCP in Rajasthan
Major Irrigation Projects: Chambal Project, Mahi Bajaj Sagar Project, Bhakra Nangal Canal Project, Narmada Project, Bilasalpur Project (1986-87), Indira Gandhi Canal Project, Irrigation system of Rajasthan, Sources of Irrigation: Wells and Tube wells, Tank Irrigation, Canal Irrigation, electric pumps, Persian Wheel
Rajasthan crop seasons-Rabi, Kharif, Pearl millet, technological interventions, Chickpea, Guar, Rapeseed-mustard, Groundnut, Fodder, Aonla, Ber
7. Mineral resources
(1) Metallic Minerals – Types, Distribution and Industrial uses and their Conservation
(2) Non-Metallic Minerals – Types, Distribution and Industrial uses and their Conservation (3) Other Minerals
8. Energy Resources
Classification of Power Resources, Conventional: Thermal (Coal, Oil & Gas), Hydro, Atomic, Non-Conventional: Solar, Wind, Biogas, Biomass, Tidal, Geo-thermal, Distribution of major power resources of Rajasthan, Hydrocarbon Basin, power plants and major projects, schemes, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy.
9. Population and Tribes
Rajasthan Population -2011, Religious Data, Urban Population, Metropolitan/City Population, Population density, District-wise Population Data, Scheduled Caste population by sex and residence, Sex Ratio among Scheduled Castes, Percentage of Scheduled Castes, Tribe population, Percentage of Scheduled Tribes, Population Glossary, Tribes in Rajasthan: Bhil, Bheel, Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra, Vasava, Vasave, Mina, Meena, Bhil Mina, Customs and ornaments, Food of Bhils, Social life and tradition, Art and culture, Garasia tribe, Customs and ornaments, Social life and tradition, Meena/Mina Tribes, Sahariya tribes, Programmes for development of Tribes, Manikya lal verma Research institute, Banvasi Kalyan Parishad, Tribal Sub-Plan Area Scheme, IRDP, Modified Area Development Programme, Some other Programmes for tribe’s development:
Rajasthan, situated at the northwestern part of India is the biggest state in the country of India and lies between 23°30′ and 30° 11′ North latitude and 69° 29′ and 78° 17′ East longitude. The state shares its north-western and western boundary with the Indo-Pakistan international border that extends about 1,070 km and touches the major districts Barmer, Bikaner, Sriganganagar and Jaisalmer. It is bounded on the west and northwest by Pakistan, on the north and northeast by Haryana &Uttar Pradesh, on the south-southeast and southwest by Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat States respectively. The huge portion of the state of Rajasthan is desiccated and houses the biggest Indian desert- the Thar desert known as the ‘Maru-kantar’. The oldest chain of fold mountains- the Aravali range splits the state into two geographical zones- desert at one side and forest belt on the other. Only 10% of the total geographical region lies under forest vegetation. The Mount abu is the only hill station of the state and houses the Guru Shikhar Peak that is the highest peak of the Aravali range with an elevation of 1,722 m. The area to the east of the hills is covered by the eastern plains and the Vindhyan plateau. Rajasthan Lake RPSC RAS
In
Rajasthan, Lakes are divided into two categories
Saltwater
Lake and
Fresh
(Sweet) Water Lake
Salt Water Lakes
Sambhar Lake
It
is India’s largest inland Salt Water Lake.
It
has been designated as a Ramsar site because this wetland is a favourite spot
for migratory birds like Pink Flamingo.
The
total area of the lake is 150 sq. km.
The
lake receives water from five rivers Merta, Samand, Mantha, Roopangarh and
khandel.
Didwana Lake
It
is a natural lake, is located at Nagaur district of Rajasthan.
It
is 2km broad and 4km long.
The
Production of salt produced is non-edible grade because of high fluoride.
Pachpadra Lake
It
is located in Barmer district.
This
is also a Natural Lake, is a salt lake near Pachpadra in Barmer, Rajasthan.
Its
sodium chloride level is marked at Approx 98%.
The
total area of this Lake is 25 Sq. km.
Lunkaransar Lake
It
is located in Lunkaransar, 80 km away from Bikaner.
It
is also Natural and a salt water lake.
Some
other famous Salt Water Lakes are Phalodi, Kuchaman, Kovaad, Kachhor, Rewasa,
etc.
2. Fresh (Sweet) Water
Lake
Due to the scarcity of water in Rajasthan, this freshwater lakes act as boons for people of Rajasthan. Rajasthan Lake RPSC RAS
Important Fresh Water Lakes of Rajasthan
Jaisamand Lake
It
was constructed by Maharana Jaising by building the dam on Gomati River from
1685 to 1691.
It
is located 51 km southeast of Udaipur.
It
is also called Dhebar Lake.
It
is the biggest natural lake of Rajasthan.
Rajsamand Lake
It was
constructed by Maharana Rajsingh in 1662.
On the bank of this, lakes many inscriptions are there
which tells about the history of Mewar.
Pichhola Lake
Lake Pichhola, an artificial fresh water
lake, situated on the heart of the Udaipur city in Rajasthan.
It was built in 1362 AD by a Banjara and
& named after the nearby Picholi village.
There are four islands on the lake: Jag
Niwas, where the Lake Palace is built, Jag Mandir, with the palace of the same
name, Mohan Mandir and Arsi Vilas.
The Pichhola Lake and the Swaroop Sagar
Lake are connected by an arched bridge built by Maharana Swaroop Singh during
1842-1861.
One has Jag Mandir (Temple) and second has
Jag Nivas named palaces.
Fateh Sagar Lake
This is an artificial lake was initially built by
Maharana Jai Singh in north-west of Udaipur in the year 1678 but it was
reconstructed by Maharana Fateh Singh in 1888.
It was inaugurated by the Duke of Connaught
and was initially called Connaught Bundh.
There are Udaipur Solar Observatory, impressive
water-jet fountain and Nehru Park – Popular picnic spot.
Anasagar Lake
It is an artificial lake situated in the
city of Ajmer.
It was built by Arnoraja alias Anaji, the grandfather
of Prithviraj Chauhan, in 1135 -1150 AD and is named after him.
The five Baradari or pavilions, between the garden and
the lake, were built by Shahjahan in 1637. On its bank, there’s a garden called
“Daulat Baug by Jehangir.
Pushkar Lake
It
is located in Ajmer district surrounded by mountains.
This
is also known as Pushkar Sarovar, is located in Pushkar.
Pushkar
Lake is a sacred lake of the Hindus. The Hindu scriptures describe it as
“Tirtha-Raj” – the king of Pilgrimage sites related to a water-body and
relate it to the mythology of the creator-god Brahma, whose most prominent
temple stands in Pushkar.
The
Pushkar Lake finds mention on coins as early as the 4th century BC.
Siliserh Lake
It
is located in Alwar district in between Aravalli Range.
Some other famous lakes are Navlakkha Lake (Bundi), Kolayat Lake (Bikaner), Shaiva Sagar (Dungarpur), Galati and Ramgarh (Jaipur), Balsamand Lake (Jodhpur), Kailana Lake (Jodhpur), etc. Rajasthan Lake RPSC RAS
