History

Third Phase: 1923 – 1941

By 1928, there was a general complain among the peasants of Bijolia that the agreement of 1922 had been violated by the Jagirdar. The peasants also complained that taxes on unirrigated lands were very high and Jagir authorities were interfering in the affairs of the Bijolia Kisan Panchayat.

Key Points:

  1. By the end of 1923, the peasant uprisings in other parts were put to an end and authorities started to deal with the peasants cruelly. Vijay Singh Pathik was forbidden to enter into Mewar. As a result movement went to decline.
  2. In 1930 the leadership passed into the hands of Jamnalal Bajaj and Haribhau Upadhyay.
  3. The peasant got their surrendered lands in 1939 when they became aloof from all the political activities and assured the Thikana that they would never go on agitation in future. The Prime Minister of Mewar, Sir G. Raghavacharya held a dialogue with Prajamandal and handed over the acquired land.
Jat Farmers Movement, 1880
  • This farmer movement was organized at Matrakundiya Pargana in Chittor in Udaipur State. Mahrana Fateh Singh was the ruler.
  • The Jat farmers of the region organized this revolt against the excess land-revenue.

Peasant Movements in Alwar – Bharatpur State

Alwar Farmers Movement 1921

  • Wild-pigs were reared in Alwar State. Whenever the pigs were released they caused damage to standing crops of farmers. But due to restriction these could not be killed.
  • During 1921, farmers organized movement against the practice.
  • As a result, the government allowed killing of wild-pigs and movement was withdrawn.

Neemchuna Farmers Movement, 1925

  1. Maharaja Jai Singh of Alwar increased the Lagaan rates in 1924.
    1. Rajput peasants of Khalsa lands in Alwar started the movement & took to arm rebellion.
    2. Government setup an enquiry commission but meanwhile maharaj decided to crush revolt by force.
    3. On 14th    May 1925 forces opened fire on around 800 farmers gathered at Neemchuna.
    4. Mahatma Gandhi considered this masaccare as even extreme of Jallianwallah Bagh and termed it “Dyrism Double Distilled” in Young India.

Mev Farmers Movement, 1932-35

In 1932 farmers of Kishangarh, Ramgarh, Laxmangarh & Tijara (Mev Region) started movement under leadership of Mohd. Ali. In 1933, in Alwar demands of farmers were agreed.

However, in Bharatpur Farmers stopped paying land revenue for Kharif crops but government did not let the movement to succeed. Gradually the movement turned communal and leader Anjuman Khaidm-ul-Islam raised demands for separate schools for Muslims, significant place for Urdu language and jobs to Muslims in Govt.

Marwar Peasant Movement, 1923

  • In 1923, Jai Narayan Vyas organized Marwar Hitkarni Sabha to organize peasants against taxes and serfdom. Through his newspaper Tarun Rajasthan he tried revealing conditions of farmers.
  • In 1923 Government declared Hitkarni Sabha as illegal.
  • In 1939,   Marwar Lok Parishad was formed and it encouraged farmers to start movement against jagirdars.
  • In April 1943, under chairmanship of Choturam Choudhary an appeal was made for settlement of Jagirs. On which, Maharaja of Jodhpur ordered for land settlement.