Modern Indian History

Round Table Conference

The first Round Table Conference

  1. Held in November 1930 at London and it was boycotted it by the Congress.
  2. In January 1931 in order to create a conducive atmosphere for talks,
  3. The government lifted the ban on the Congress Party and released its leaders from prison.
  4. On 8 March 1931 the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed.
  5. As per this pact, Mahatma Gandhi agreed to suspend the Civil-Disobedience Movement and participate in the Second Round Table Conference.
In September 1931, the Second Round Table Conference was held at London
  1. Mahatma Gandhi participated in the Conference but returned to India disappointed
  2. As no agreement could be reached on the demand of complete independence and on the communal question.
  3. In January 1932, the Civil-Disobedience Movement was resumed
  4. The government responded to it by arresting Mahatma
  5. Gandhi and Sardar Patel and by reposing the ban on the Congress party
Poona Pact (1932)
  1. By 1930, Dr Ambedkar had become a leader of national stature championing the cause of the depressed people of the country.
  2. While presenting a real picture of the condition of these people in the First Round Table Conference,
  3. He had demanded separate electorates for them
  4. On 16 August 1932 the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald made an announcement, which came to be as the Communal Award.
  5. According to this award, the depressed classes were considered as a separate community and as such provisions were made for separate electorates for them.
  6. Mahatma Gandhi protested against the Communal Award and went on a fast unto death in the Yeravada jail on 20 September 1932.
  7. Finally, an agreement was reached between Dr Ambedkar and Gandhi
  8. This agreement came to be called as the Poona Pact. The British Government also approved of it.
  • Accordingly, 148 seats in different Provincial Legislatures were reserved for the Depressed Classes in place of 71 as provided in the Communal Award.
 
The third Round Table Conference came to an end in 1932
  1. The Congress once more did not take part in it
  2. Nonetheless, in March 1933, the British Government issued a White Paper
  3. Which became the basis for the enactment of the Government of India Act, 1935
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