Peasant & Tribal movement reason: Signing of treaties of Rajasthan with Britishers for getting relieved from Maratha and Pindari attack. This levied the extra tax on Rajasthan which they collect from the Peasants. Hence Peasants were facing double exploitation now.
Some Famous Peasant Movement were
- This movement began under the leadership of Sadhu Sitaram.
- In 1916, leadership was taken by Vijaysingh Pathik.
Begun Peasant Movement (Chittodgadh, 1921)
- It was started against Lag-Baag (Cesses) and Begar (Forced Labour) system.
- Headed by Ramnarayan Chaudhary. Later by Vijaysingh Pathik.
- Two peasant movements took place in Alwar.
- The movement against Pig farming (1921): This movement was started against the tight law on killing pigs which were damaging peasant’s crops.
Neemuchana Peasant Movement (1923-24)
- It was considered more dreadful than Jallianwala Bagh massacre by Gandhiji. It was started to oppose the increased tax by the king. Almost 800 farmers gathered for a meeting in which Britishers started the open fire on Peasants in which hundreds were killed.
Shekhawati Peasant Movement (1925)
- Ended in 1946 through the medium of Hiralal Shashtri.
Bundi Peasant Movement (1926)
- It is also called Barad peasant movement.
- Headed and started by Nainuram Sharma.
- It took place in the region of Alwar and Bharatpur which is also called Mewat region.
- Headed by Mohammad Ali.
Some famous Tribal movements are
- Started in Baswada and Dungarpur region of Bhil tribe.
- In 1883, Samp sabha was established for creating political awareness among the bhil tribe.
- On 7th December, they gathered at Hills of Maangarh and police open fire on them in which 1500 tribal were killed.
- Every year a fair is organized on the day of Ashwin Shukla Purnima.
- Headed by Motilal Tejawat.
- Reasons for the movement were interference of Britishers in their customs, extra taxes on salt, tobacco, etc.
- The main reason was the Criminal tribal act of (1924) and Jarayam Pesha Kanun (1930) by British govt. in which Meena tribe was declared as the criminal tribe.
- In 1952, Jarayam Pesha Kanun was abolished.